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知语殿堂a>成语词典四面楚歌四面楚歌的故事
四面楚歌的成语故事

拼音sì miàn chǔ gē
基本解释四面都是楚人的歌声。后用来比喻四面受敌;处于孤立无援的处境。
出处《史记 项羽本纪》:“项王军壁垓下,兵少食尽,汉军及诸侯兵围之数重。夜闻汉军四面皆楚歌,项王乃大惊,曰:‘汉皆已得楚乎?是何楚人之多也。’”〖示例〗在这四面楚歌里,凭你怎样伶牙俐齿,也只得服从了。 ★朱自清《航船中的文明》
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四面楚歌的典故
项羽和刘邦原来约定以鸿沟(在今河南荣县境贾鲁河)东西边作为界限,互不侵犯。后来刘邦听从张良和陈平的规劝,觉得应该趁项羽衰弱的时候消灭他,就又和韩信、彭越、刘贾会合兵力追击正在向东开往彭城(即今江苏徐州)的项羽部队。终于布置了几层兵力,把项羽紧紧围在垓下(在今安徽灵璧县东南)。这时,项羽手下的兵士已经很少,粮食又没有了。夜里听见四面围住他的军队都唱起楚地的民歌,不禁非常吃惊地说:“刘邦已经得到了禁地了吗?为什么他的部队里面楚人这么多呢?”说看,心里已丧失了斗志,便从床上爬起来,在营帐里面喝酒;并和他最宠爱的妃子虞姬一同唱歌。唱完,直掉眼泪,在旁的人也非常难过,都觉得抬不起头来。一会,项羽骑上马,带了仅剩的八百名骑兵,从南突围逃走。边逃边打,到乌江畔自刎而死。因为这个故事里面有项羽听见四周唱起楚歌,感觉吃惊,接看又失败自杀的情节,所以以后的人就用“四面楚歌”这句话,形容人们遭受各方面攻击或逼迫的人事环境,而致陷于孤立窘迫的境地。凡是陷于此种境地者,其命运往往是很悲惨的,例如某人因经常与坏人为伍,不事生产,游手好闲;但后来却破那些坏人逼迫的无以为生,求助于别人时,别人也应他平日行为太坏,绝不同情更不理睬,这人所处的境地便是“四面楚歌”。又如学校里讨论学术问题,其学生不学无术(成语,意即没有学术)、信口雌黄、颠倒是非,同学们群起而攻之,这学生便完全处于孤立地位,这也可叫做“四面楚歌”。在我们的人生历程上,在我们的日常生活中,好好的做人,脚踏实地的做事,若是行差踏错,就未免要遭受“四面楚歌”的厄运了。
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※ 与(四面楚歌)相关的成语及历史出处:
| 成语 | 历史出处 |
|---|---|
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 142 拨云见日 |
Warning: Use of undefined constant chuchu - assumed 'chuchu' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 143 元 无名氏《陈州粜米》第二折:“我投至的见了爷爷,就是拨云见日,昏镜重磨。” |
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 142 自我批评 |
Warning: Use of undefined constant chuchu - assumed 'chuchu' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 143 邓小平《在北方局党校整风动员会上的讲话》:“我们不但要有自我批评的精神,还要有批评的精神。” |
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 142 牛口之下 |
Warning: Use of undefined constant chuchu - assumed 'chuchu' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 143 《史记·商君列传》:“夫五羖大夫,荆之鄙人也。闻秦缪公之贤而原望见,行而无资,自粥于秦客,被褐食牛。期年,缪公知之,举之牛口之下,而加之百姓之上,秦国莫敢望焉。”《吕氏春秋·举难》等又载有宁戚饭牛得到齐桓公赏识的事。 |
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 142 胆寒发竖 |
Warning: Use of undefined constant chuchu - assumed 'chuchu' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 143 五代·王定保《唐摭言·好及第恶登科》:“李少卿又曰操空弮,冒白刃,闻者靡不胆寒发竖,永为子孙之戒。” |
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Warning: Use of undefined constant chuchu - assumed 'chuchu' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 143 明·冯梦龙《醒世恒言》第20卷:“那爷爷圣武神文,英明仁孝,真个朝无幸位,野没遗贤。” |
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Warning: Use of undefined constant chuchu - assumed 'chuchu' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 143 宋 无名氏《张协状元》戏文第12出:“逆来顺受,须有通时。” |
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 142 生拉硬扯 |
Warning: Use of undefined constant chuchu - assumed 'chuchu' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 143 曹禺《日出》第四幕:“福升生拉活扯地将黄省三向外拖。” |
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 142 各行各业 |
Warning: Use of undefined constant chuchu - assumed 'chuchu' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php on line 143 邓小平《办好学校,培养干部》:“过去我们想请各行各业开个名单,提高一些人的工资,说了好久,只是停留在口头上,没有实现。” |