十五从军行
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两汉]：佚名
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十五从军征，八十始得归。
道逢乡里人，家中有阿(ē)谁？
遥看是君家，松柏冢累累。
兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞。
中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。
舂谷持作饭，采葵持作羹。
羹饭一时熟，不知贻阿谁？
出门东向望，泪落沾我衣。
十五从军行译文及注释
译文
刚满十五岁的少年就出去打仗，到了八十岁才回来。
路遇一个乡下的邻居，问：“我家里还有什么人？”
“你家那个地方现在已是松树柏树林中的一片坟墓。”
走到家门前看见野兔从狗洞里进出，野鸡在屋脊上飞来飞去，
院子里长着野生的谷子，野生的葵菜环绕着井台。
用捣掉壳的野谷来做饭，摘下葵叶来煮汤。
汤和饭一会儿都做好了，却不知送给谁吃。
走出大门向着东方张望，老泪纵横，洒落在征衣上。
注释
始：才；归：回家。
道逢：在路上遇到；道：路途上。
阿（ē）：语气词，没有实在意义。
君：你，表示尊敬的称呼；遥看：远远地望去。
松柏（bǎi）：松树、柏树。
冢累累：坟墓一个连着一个。冢（zhǒng），坟墓、高坟。累累（léiléi），与“垒垒”通，连续不断的样子。
狗窦：给狗出入的墙洞。窦（dòu），洞穴。
雉（zhì）：野鸡。
中庭：屋前的院子。
旅：旅生，植物未经播种而野生；
旅葵（kuí）：葵菜，嫩叶可以吃。
舂（chōng）：把东西放在石臼或乳钵里捣掉谷子的皮壳或捣碎。
羹（gēng）：用菜叶做的汤。
一时：一会儿就。
贻（yí）：送，赠送。
看：一说为“望”。
沾：渗入。
参考资料：
1、语文出版社教材研究中心．语文.八年级.下．北京：语文出版社，2003.1（2013.12重印）：177
十五从军行创作背景
《十五从军征》是一首揭露封建社会不合理的兵役制度的汉代乐府民歌，反映了劳动人民在当时黑暗的兵役制度下的不平和痛苦，作品真实、深刻、令人感愤，催人泣下。当时繁复的兵役使得那个时代充满了小人物的心酸和无奈。没有马革裹尸，却也垂垂而暮。
参考资料：
1、吴小如等．汉魏六朝诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1992：186
十五从军行鉴赏
道逢乡里人，家中有阿谁？
《十五从军征》，是一首暴露封建社会不合理的兵役制度的汉代乐府民歌，反映了劳动人民在当时黑暗的兵役制度下的不平和痛苦。这首诗描绘了一位少年从军65年返回故里时家破人亡的情景，揭露了封建兵役制度给劳动人民带来的苦难。也同时说明了作者讨厌战争，渴望和平，关心劳动人民。
十五从军征，八十始得归。道逢乡里人：“家中有阿谁？”“遥看是君家，松柏冢累累。”兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞；中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。舂谷持作饭，采葵持作羹。羹饭一时熟，不知贻阿谁。出门东向看，泪落沾我衣。
“道逢乡里人，‘家中有阿谁？’”主人公的思想脉络由六十五年的征战生活进入邈邈旷野、漫漫古道，对亲人家园的现状由茫然无际的想象到急切地、盼知又怕知地询问，读者由开头两句诗展开的遐想的翅翼也在主人公焦急的劈头问话声中收束。，一句“家中有阿谁”的追问，推出了作品的聚光点——家。六十五年了，岂敢奢望家人安然无恙、亲人健在？能有一二幸存者已是不幸中之万幸了。所以他只问，家中还有谁侥幸苟活人世呢？可是，“乡里人”的回答却如站在雪地里浇下的一盆冰水：“遥看是君家，松柏冢累累。”在这动乱的年月，我的亲人们竟无一幸存者？多少年来积压心底的感情，向谁倾诉、向谁表达啊？唯有那青青松柏、垒垒坟冢吗？那，就是我的家吗？不，不，不可能！
摆在他面前的现实是：“兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞；中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。”由遥看到近见，满眼更加荒凉凄楚的景象。作者没说室空无人，而是抓住野兔见人钻进家畜窝中自以为得所，野鸡惊飞落到屋内梁上自以为安的情景；作者没有直书庭园荒芜杂乱，只摄取了井边、中庭随意生长的葵菜和谷物两个“镜头”，人去屋空，人亡园荒，更其形象，倍伤人心神。一个风尘仆仆的老人，站在曾经炊火融融、庭园整洁的“家”的面前，站在盼望了六十五年可又无一亲人相迎的家的面前，竟然比想象的还不堪十倍、百倍……这是怎样一种情境，将掀起读者怎样的感情波澜呢？
“出门东向看，泪落沾我衣。”他走出年久失修的破门，向东方看去，他也许还抱着希望，他看到了谁？看到了什么呢？他也许看到了久别的亲人？也许什么也没有看到。他茫然地从幻想中走出来，低声哭了起来“泪落沾我衣”五个字，饱和了多么丰富、多么深厚、多么沉痛的感情内涵啊！主人公和他的家的相互映衬的叙写，把作品的主题和艺术水平都推向了一个新的高度：服了整整六十五年兵役的人，竟然还是全家唯一的幸存者，那些没有服兵役的亲人们，坟上松柏都已葱葱郁郁，可以想见他们生前贫寒凄苦的生活还不如每时每刻都可能牺牲的士卒；作品具体写的是主人公为国征战六十五载却有家归不得，等到归时却又无家可归的不幸遭遇和惨痛心情，而他的不幸与那些苟生且不能只有走进静默、暗湿、冰冷的坟墓的亲人们相比，他又是“幸运者”了。作品就不仅仅暴露了封建兵役制度的黑暗、罪恶，不仅仅表现了八十老翁一人的不幸，而且反映了当时整个社会现实的黑暗，表现了比个人不幸更深广的全体人民的不幸和社会的凋敝、时代的动乱，
他向远方望去，难道自己的祖国里，只有自己一家是这样的吗？
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刘彻《
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佚名《
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日出入》
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