至大梁却寄匡城主人
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唐代]：岑参
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一从弃鱼钓，十载干明王。
无由谒天阶，却欲归沧浪。
仲秋至东郡，遂见天雨霜。
昨夜梦故山，蕙草色已黄。
平明辞铁丘，薄暮游大梁。
仲秋萧条景，拔剌飞鹅鶬。
四郊阴气闭，万里无晶光。
长风吹白茅，野火烧枯桑。
聊以玉壶赠，置之君子堂。
至大梁却寄匡城主人译文及注释
译文
自从放弃鱼钓生活，十余年来求见明王，
可叹无路踏上天阶，又想回那隐居之乡。
仲秋季节来到东郡，已见天上降下寒霜，
昨夜梦中回到故山，故山芳草色已枯黄。
平明时分离开铁丘，太阳落山来到大梁，
仲秋分象多么萧条，雁飞声声南归故乡。
四面郊野阴云笼罩，一望无边昏暗无光。
长风阵阵吹动茅草，野火点点燃烧枯桑。
故友您在匡城为官，政绩卓著名声正香。
姑且以我玉壶相赠，将它安投放友厅堂。
注释
大梁：战国魏都，唐时为汴州治所。却寄：回寄。匡（kuāng）城主人：即《醉题匡城周少府厅壁》之“周少府”。匡城，唐滑州属县，在今河南长垣西南。
一从：自从。鱼钓：指隐居生涯。
十载：自开元二十二年（734）作者“献书阙下”（《感旧赋》序）至天宝元年（742）作此诗时，历时九载，“十载”乃举其成数。干明王：向君王求取功名。干，干退，求取。明王，即明主，指皇帝。
谒（yè）天阶：谒见天子。天阶：登天的阶梯，这里指通向皇宫的台阶。
沧浪（làng）：水名，具体地址说法不一，这里指隐居之地。
东郡：隋郡名，唐曰滑州，治所在今河南滑县东。岑此行大抵沿黄河先至滑州，再至匡城，复由匡城至铁丘，再到汴州。
雨霜：下霜，“雨”作动词。
夜：一作“日”。故山：指作者的少室旧居。
蕙（huì）草：香草。
平明：天亮的时候。铁丘：在今河南濮阳县北。
拔剌（bá là）：象声词。鹅鶬（cāng）：雁的别称。
阴气：阴冷的云雾。
晶光，光亮。
白茅：即茅草，至秋季而变白。
野火：一指原野上焚烧枯草所纵的火，一指磷火，即鬼火。枯桑：枯干的桑叶。
南燕：唐滑州胙城县（今河南延津东），汉代曰南燕县。胙城与匡城紧邻，故此处以南燕代指匡城。
籍籍：形容名声甚盛。
玉壶：取高洁之意。
君子：指周少府。
参考资料：
1、刘开扬．岑参诗选：四川文艺出版社，1986：15-16
2、高光复．高适岑参诗译释：黑龙江人民出版社，1984：154-158
至大梁却寄匡城主人创作背景
这篇作品为诗人离长安东行至大梁后的寄赠之作，创作于天宝元年（742）八月。
参考资料：
1、刘开扬．岑参诗选：四川文艺出版社，1986：15-16
至大梁却寄匡城主人鉴赏
诗歌一开头就回顾了自己十余年来坎坷的仕途经历及内心的苦闷彷徨。诗人“十五隐于高阳，二十献书厥下”（《感旧赋》），自开元二十三年出山，至此时已九年。“弃鱼钓”，说自己决心出仕，“十载”举其成数说于谓时间之长。“无由谒天阶，却欲归沧浪”两句概括了“十载干明王”的坎坷不退的经历，包含着屡遭挫折，不甘归去而又不得不归去的感叹。以上四句语意回环，反映了诗人内心的波澜，以颇为沉重的情调引起全诗。
次四句承上文“归沧浪”写归程中的苦闷心情。诗人在秋日辞京远行，一路唯见寒霜遍地，这景物衬托了诗人失意时的心灰意冷。在归程中，诗人特别突出“昨夜”之“梦”来加以描写，借以表现对“故山”的留恋，而故山却是“惠草色已黄”。如同“鹅鶬昨夜鸡，蕙草色已陈”（《暮秋山行》），“颍阳秋草今黄尽，醉卧君家犹未还”（《醉题匡城周少府厅壁》）等等诗句一样，表现出岁月已晚，宿愿难酬的叹息，也反映出进退两难的心境。
诗的以下八句承上继续写归程，而扣应题目“至大梁”，写到大梁后所见。诗人选定“薄暮”这一时间，有可能是写实，但也有以薄暮景色衬托沉重心情的用意。“仲秋萧条景”一句对大梁所见作了总的概括。以下便选择一些典型景物来写这样一个秋日薄暮的“萧条景”：南飞的鸿雁，阴暗的郊野，秋风和茅草，野火和枯桑，把大梁秋日的薄暮渲染得分外冷落凄凉。“长风吹白茅，野火烧枯桑”两句用极自然的语言极平常的形象，勾划出深秋郊野的典型环境诗人焦虑郁闷，百感交集的情怀通过这幅图景含蓄地烘托出来。
诗的最后四句，称赞故友声名，赠玉壶以慰勉朋友要像玉壶之冰为官清正廉洁，呼应题目“奇”字。
诗人西去长安干谒，失意东归，情绪十分低沉。此间的诗作中不止一次地对此有所抒发，如“云送关西雨，风传渭北秋，孤灯燃客梦，寒杆捣乡愁”（《宿关西客舍寄东山严许二山人》），如“妇姑城南风雨秋，妇姑城中人独愁”（《醉题匡城周少府厅壁》）等等。《至大梁却寄匡城主人》一诗所表达的也是这种仕途失意后的低沉郁闷。从表现上说，这篇作品与上引诗句一样，多以景习情，显得十分含蓄而又深沉。
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王安石《
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书湖阴先生壁》
岑参简介
唐代·岑参的简介
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岑参（约715-770年），唐代边塞诗人，南阳人，太宗时功臣岑文本重孙，后徙居江陵。[1-2] 岑参早岁孤贫，从兄就读，遍览史籍。唐玄宗天宝三载（744年）进士，初为率府兵曹参军。后两次从军边塞，先在安西节度使高仙芝幕府掌书记；天宝末年，封常清为安西北庭节度使时，为其幕府判官。代宗时，曾官嘉州刺史（今四川乐山），世称“岑嘉州”。大历五年（770年）卒于成都。
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云山图二首 其二
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明代：
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王鏊
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天将雨，山出云，平原草树杳莫分。须臾云吐近山出，远岫婪酣吞欲入。
映空明灭疑有无，先后高低殊戢戢。想当画史欲画时，磅礴含章几回立。