南歌子·疏雨池塘见
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宋代]：贺铸
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疏雨池塘见，微风襟袖知。阴阴夏木啭黄鹂，何处飞来白鹭立移时。
易醉扶头酒，难逢敌手棋。日长偏与睡相宜，睡起芭蕉叶上自题诗。
南歌子·疏雨池塘见译文及注释
译文
稀疏的雨点落在池塘里，水面上泛起了涟漪。轻风拂来，吹动了衣袖。夏天的树长满了浓密的叶子，树荫中响起黄鹂婉转的啼叫声。一只白鹭不知道从什么地方飞来，独立池塘，已经很久很久。
喝扶头酒很容易让人醉，可下棋时却难逢对手。这长长的白日，用来睡觉是最合适的了。我睡醒后，一个人在芭蕉叶子上百无聊赖地写着诗。
注释
此阕原缺调名，据词律补。
“疏雨”二句：杜牧《秋思》诗：“微雨池塘见，好风襟袖知。”
“阴阴”句：王维《积雨辋川庄作》诗：“漠漠水田飞白鹭，阴阴夏木啭黄鹂。”
“何处”句：苏轼《江城子·湖上与张先同赋》词：“何处飞来双白鹭？如有意，慕娉婷。”
扶头酒：一种使人易醉的烈酒。谓饮此酒后，头亦须扶。姚合《答友人招游》诗：“赌棋招敌手，沽酒自扶头。”
“日长”句：苏轼《和子由送将官梁左藏仲通》诗“日长惟有睡相宜。”
“睡起”句：韦应物《闲居寄诸弟》诗“尽日高斋无一事，芭蕉叶上坐题诗。”
参考资料：
1、俞朝刚 周航主编．全宋词精华 （二）：辽宁古籍出版社，1995：97-98
2、董自厚主编．宋词：凤凰出版传媒集团，2008：73-74
南歌子·疏雨池塘见创作背景
贺铸出身于没落贵族家庭，是孝惠后的族孙，且娶宗室之女。但他秉性刚直，不阿权贵，郁郁不得志。这种秉性，这种身世际遇，使他像许多古代文人一样，建功立业的胸襟之中，常常流走着痛苦、孤寂、无奈的波澜。这种心绪时时反映在他的词作中，这首《南歌子》便是一例。
参考资料：
1、贺新辉主编．全宋词鉴赏辞典 第四卷：中国妇女出版社，2004：100-102
南歌子·疏雨池塘见鉴赏
贺铸出身于没落贵族家庭，是孝惠后的族孙，且娶宗室之女。但他秉性刚直，不阿权贵，因而一生屈居下僚，郁郁不得志。这种秉性，这种身世际遇，使他像许多古代文人一样，建功立业的胸襟之中，常常流走着痛苦、孤寂、无奈的波澜。这种心绪时时反映在他的词作中，《南歌子》便是一例。
此词以常见的写景起手。“疏雨池塘见，微风襟袖知。”“见”、知，觉的意思，可与第二句的“知”字互证。疏雨飘洒，微风轻拂，一派清爽宁静。这景致并无多少新奇，到是“见”“知”二字颇见功力。作者不仅以抒情主人公的视角观物，而且让大自然中的池塘观物，池塘感到了疏雨的轻柔缠绵，于是池塘也有了生命力。便是主人公观物，这里用笔也曲回婉转，不言人觉，而言袖知，普普通通的景物这样一写也显得生动形象，神采飞扬了。其实贺铸这两句原有所本，语出杜甫《秋思》诗“微雨池塘见，好风襟袖知。”接下去两句化用王维《积雨辋川庄作》的诗句和诗意。王诗云：“漠漠水田飞白鹭，阴阴夏木啭黄鹂。”宽阔的水田里白鹭飞翔，繁茂幽深的树丛中黄鹂啼鸣，大自然的一切都是自由而宁静的。王维描写了优美宁静的田园风光，抒写了自己超脱尘世的恬淡自然的心境。贺铸直用了“阴阴夏木啭黄鹂”一句，又化用了“漠漠水田飞白鹭”一语。不过仔细品味，这白鹭之句，贺词与王诗所透露出来的心绪还是有所不同的。王诗是一种带有佛家气息的宁静；而贺词云“何处飞来白鹭，立移时。”似乎在说，什么地方飞来的白鹭哟，怎么刚呆了一会儿就走了。这“何”字，这“移时”，似乎透露着主人公的一种心境，他似乎在埋怨什么，在追寻什么，在挽留什么……。字里行间飘溢出的是一种孤寂和无奈。而且这上片结句不仅写景，在结构上也起着举足轻重的作用，使上下片之间暗脉相接。
下片进入对日常生活的描写。“扶头酒”，即易醉之酒。唐代姚合《答友人招游》诗云：“赌棋招敌手，沽酒自扶头。”贺铸的“易醉扶头酒，难逢敌手棋。”化用其意写自己饮酒下棋的生活。喝酒易醉；下棋，对手难逢，这字里行间蕴含着的仍然是一种百无聊赖的心绪。于是便有结句“日长偏与睡相宜。睡起芭蕉叶上、自题诗。”夏日长长，无所事事，最适合于睡觉。睡起之后，只管在芭蕉叶上自题诗，自取其乐。这之中透露着的是一种自我嘲解，自我调侃。其实这两句词也有所本。欧阳修《蕲簟》有句云：“自然唯与睡相宜。”方干《送郑台处士归绛岩》有句云：“曾书蕉叶寄新题。”下片内容并不复杂，无非是饮酒、下棋、睡觉、题诗等文人的生活琐事，可是借助于“易解”、“难逢”、“偏”、“相宜”、“自题诗”等字眼，可以感受到作者的孤寂和壮志未酬的愤懑不平。
贺铸是以善于点化前人诗句而著称的，而此篇句句点化，且又丝丝入扣，浑然天成，实在是难能可贵。
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袁去华《
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剑器近·夜来雨》
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吴潜《
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鹊桥仙·扁舟昨泊》
贺铸简介
唐代·贺铸的简介
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贺铸(1052～1125) 北宋词人。字方回，号庆湖遗老。汉族，卫州（今河南卫辉）人。宋太祖贺皇后族孙，所娶亦宗室之女。自称远祖本居山阴，是唐贺知章后裔，以知章居庆湖（即镜湖），故自号庆湖遗老。
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淫哇声沸九韶寒，世道污隆用舍间。薄雾偶笼伊洛水，片云争掩武夷山。
千秋遗训乾坤意，一代成功造化悭。不有上方三尺剑，付谁当日斩权奸。
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颂古三十一首
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宋代：
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释如本
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一波才动众波随，汩没尘寰几个知。
突兀须弥横宇宙，纵横妙用更由谁。