劝学
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唐代]：颜真卿
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三更灯火五更鸡，正是男儿读书时。
黑发不知勤学早，白首方悔读书迟。
劝学译文及注释
译文
每天三更半夜到鸡啼叫的时候，是男孩子们读书的最好时间。
少年时只知道玩，不知道要好好学习，到老的时候才后悔自己年少时为什么不知道要勤奋学习。
注释
更：古时夜间计算时间的单位，一夜分五更，每更为两小时。午夜11点到1点为三更。
五更鸡：天快亮时，鸡啼叫。
黑发：年少时期，指少年。
白首：头发白了，这里指老年。方：才。
劝学创作背景
颜真卿3岁丧父，家道中落，母亲殷氏对他寄予厚望，实行严格的家庭教育，亲自督学。颜真卿也格外勤奋好学，每日苦读。这首诗正是颜真卿为了勉励后人所作。
参考资料：
1、严杰．颜真卿评传：南京大学出版社出版社，2005年：321-325
劝学鉴赏
《劝学》中的“劝”起着统领全篇的作用。“劝”解释为“勉励”的意思。作者在这篇以《劝学》为的诗歌中，勉励人们要不停止地坚持学习，只有这样才能增长知识，发展才能，培养高尚的品德。
“三更灯火五更鸡”是指勤劳的人、勤奋学习的学生在三更半夜时还在工作、学习，三更时灯还亮着，熄灯躺下稍稍歇息不久，五更的鸡就叫了，这些勤劳的人又得起床忙碌开了。第一句用客观现象写时间早，引出第二句学习要勤奋，要早起。第二句为第一句作补充，表达了年少学习时应该不分昼夜学习，通过努力学习才能报家报国，建功立业。
第三、四句写的是年轻的时候不好好学习到了年纪大了，在想要学习也晚了。句子中“黑发”，“白首”是采用借代的修辞方法，借指青年和老年。通过对比的手法，突出读书学习要趁早，不要到了老了后悔了才去学习。从结构上看，三、四句为对偶句，“黑发”与“白首”前后呼应，互相映衬，给读者留下深刻的印象。
这首诗深入浅出，自然流畅，富含哲理。核心是“黑发早勤学，白首读书迟”。作为有志气的人，要注意抓紧时间读书学习修身养性，最好的读书时间是在三更五更，晨读不息；而且只有年年月月刻苦坚持，才能真正学到报国兴家立业的本领。从学习的时间这一角度立意，劝勉年轻人不要虚度光阴，要及早努力学习，免得将来后悔。诗人是从学习的意义，作用和学习应持的态度方法等角度立意，希望人们重视后天学习，以加强自身的行为修养。
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上一首：
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陈亮《
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贺新郎·寄辛幼安和见怀韵》
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下一首：
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杜甫《
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戏为六绝句·其二》
颜真卿简介
唐代·颜真卿的简介
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颜真卿（709-784，一说709-785），字清臣，汉族，唐京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，祖籍唐琅琊临沂（今山东临沂），中国唐代书法家。 唐代中期杰出书法家。他创立的“颜体”楷书与赵孟頫、柳公权、欧阳询并称“楷书四大家”。
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