书院二小松
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唐代]：李群玉
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一双幽色出凡尘，数粒秋烟二尺鳞。
从此静窗闻细韵，琴声长伴读书人。
书院二小松译文及注释
译文
一双幽暗的松树在尘世出现，数粒稚嫩而翠绿的小松初生的枝叶挂在二尺高的松树上。
从此静静的书窗外可以听这细微的松声，如琴声一般常伴着读书人。
注释
秋烟：特指植物，比绿树、绿草等聚于一处，遥看之下，如堆烟。
书院二小松鉴赏
在我国古典诗歌中，或将苍松联想为飞龙，或赋贞松以比君子，这类诗篇数量不少。而李群玉的这首诗，却别开生面，是其中富于独创性而颇具情味的一首。
第一句是运用绝句中“明起”的手法，从题目的本意说起，不旁逸斜出而直入诗题。句中的“一双”，点明题目中的“二小松”。这一句，有如我国国画中的写意画，着重在表现两株小松的神韵。诗人用“幽色”的虚摹以引起人们的想象，以“出凡尘”极言它们的风神超迈，不同凡俗。如果说这一句是意笔，或者说虚写，那么，第二句就是工笔，是实写。“数粒秋烟”，以“秋烟”比况小松初生的稚嫩而翠绿的针叶，这种比喻是十分新颖而传神的，前人似乎没有这样用过；而以“粒”这样的量词来状写秋烟，新奇别致，也是李群玉的创笔，和李贺的“远望齐州九点烟”的“点”字、有同一机杼之妙。张揖《广雅》：“松多节皮，极粗厚，远望如龙鳞。”诗中的“二尺鳞”，一方面如实形容松树的外表，其中的“二尺”又照应前面的“数粒”，切定题目，不浮不泛，点明并非巨松而是“小松”。首二句，诗人扣紧题目中的“二小松”着笔，写来情味丰盈，以下就要将“二小松”置于“书院”的典型环境中来点染了。
在诗人们的笔下，松树有远离尘俗的天籁，如储光羲《石子松》诗的“冬春无异色，朝暮有清风”，如顾况《千松岭》诗的“终日吟天风，有时天籁止。问渠何旨意，恐落凡人耳”。“从此静窗闻细韵”，李群玉诗的第三句可能从前人诗句中得到过启发，但又别开生面。庭院里的两株小松，自然不会松涛澎湃，天籁高吟，而只能细韵轻送了。“细韵”一词，在小松的外表、神韵之外，又写出它特有的声音，仍然紧扣题旨，而且和“静窗”动静对照，交相映发。“琴声长伴读书人”，结句的“琴声”紧承第三句的“细韵”，并且将它具象化。“长伴读书人”，既充分地抒发了诗人对小松爱怜、赞美的情感，同时也不着痕迹地补足了题目中的“书院”二字。这样，四句诗脉络一贯，句连意圆，构成了一个新颖而和谐的艺术整体。
松树是诗歌中经常歌咏的题材，容易写得落套，而此诗却能翻出新意，别具情味，这就有赖于诗人独到的感受和写新绘异的艺术功力了。
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上一首：
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吴均《
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赠王桂阳》
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下一首：
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陶渊明《
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读山海经十三首·其五》
李群玉简介
唐代·李群玉的简介
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李群玉（808～862），字文山，唐代澧州人。澧县仙眠洲有古迹“水竹居”，旧志记为“李群玉读书处”。李群玉极有诗才，他“居住沅湘，崇师屈宋”，诗写得十分好。《湖南通志·李群玉传》称其诗“诗笔妍丽，才力遒健”。关于他的生平，据《全唐诗·李群玉小传》载，早年杜牧游澧时，劝他参加科举考试，并作诗《送李群玉赴举》，.但他“一上而止”。后来，宰相裴休视察湖南，郑重邀请李群玉再作诗词。他“徒步负琴，远至辇下”，进京向皇帝奉献自己的诗歌“三百篇”。唐宣宗“遍览”其诗，称赞“所进诗歌，异常高雅”，并赐以“锦彩器物”，“授弘文馆校书郎”。三年后辞官回归故里，死后追赐进士及第。
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