咏怀古迹五首·其一
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唐代]：杜甫
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三峡楼台淹日月，五溪衣服共云山。
羯胡事主终无赖，词客哀时且未还。
庾信平生最萧瑟，暮年诗赋动江关。
咏怀古迹五首·其一译文及注释
译文
关中兵荒马乱百姓流离失所，躲避战乱漂泊流浪来到西南。
长久地停留三峡楼台熬日月，与五溪民族都住在一片云山。
羯胡人狡诈事主终究不可靠，伤时感世的诗人至今未回还。
梁代庾信的一生处境最凄凉，到晚年作的诗赋轰动了江关。
注释
支离：流离。风尘：指安史之乱以来的兵荒马乱。
楼台：指夔州地区的房屋依山而建，层迭而上，状如楼台。淹：滞留。日月：岁月，时光。
五溪：指雄溪、樠溪、酉溪、潕溪、辰溪，在今湘、黔、川边境。共云山：共居处。
羯（jié）胡：古代北方少数民族，指安禄山。
词客：诗人自谓。未还：未能还朝回乡。
庾（yǔ）信：南北朝诗人。
动江关：指庾信晚年诗作影响大。“江关”指荆州江陵，梁元帝都江陵。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非．杜甫诗选注．北京：人民文学出版社，1998：252-256
2、蘅塘退士 等．唐诗三百首·宋词三百首·元曲三百首．北京：华文出版社，2009：156-158
3、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：325-327
咏怀古迹五首·其一创作背景
这组诗是咏古迹怀古人进而感怀自己的作品。作者于唐代宗大历元年（766年）从夔州出三峡，到江陵，先后游历了宋玉宅、庾信古居、昭君村、永安宫、先主庙、武侯祠等古迹，对于古代的才士、国色、英雄、名相，深表崇敬，写下了《咏怀古迹五首》，以抒情怀。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非．杜甫诗选注．北京：人民文学出版社，1998：252-256
2、萧涤非 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：575-580
咏怀古迹五首·其一鉴赏
这是五首中的第一首。组诗开首咏怀的是诗人庾信，这是因为作者对庾信的诗赋推崇备至，极为倾倒。他曾经说：“清新庾开府”，“庾信文章老更成“。另一方面，当时他即将有江陵之行，情况与庾信漂泊有相通之处。
首联是杜甫自安史之乱以来全部生活的概括。安史乱后，杜甫由长安逃难至鄜州，欲往灵武，又被俘至长安，复由长安窜归凤翔，至鄜州探视家小，长安克复后，贬官华州，旋弃官，客秦州，经同谷入蜀，故曰“支离东北风尘际”。当时战争激烈，故曰风尘际。入蜀后，先后居留成都约五年，流寓梓州阆州一年，严武死后，由成都至云安，今又由云安来夔州，故曰“漂泊西南天地间”。只叙事实，感慨自深。
颔联承上漂流西南，点明所在之地。这里风情殊异，房屋依山而建，层层高耸，似乎把日月都遮蔽了。山区百姓大多是古时五溪蛮的后裔，他们身穿带尾形的五色衣服同云彩和山峦一起共居同住。
颈联追究支离漂泊的起因。这两句是双管齐下，因为在咏怀之中兼含咏史之意，它既是自己咏怀，又是代古人——庾信——咏怀。本来，禄山之叛唐，即有似于侯景之叛梁，杜甫遭禄山之乱，而庾信亦值侯景之乱；杜甫支离漂泊，感时念乱，而庾信亦被留北朝，作《哀江南赋》，因身份颇相类，故不无“同病相怜”之感。正由于是双管齐下，所以这两句不只是承上文，同时也起下文。
尾联承接上联，说庾信长期羁留北朝，常有萧条凄凉之感，到了暮年一改诗风，由原来的绮靡变为沉郁苍劲，常发乡关之思，其忧愤之情感动“江关”，为人们所称赞。
全诗从安史之乱写起，写自己漂泊入蜀居无定处。接写流落三峡、五溪，与夷人共处。再写安禄山狡猾反复，正如梁朝的侯景；自己飘泊异地，欲归不得，恰似当年的庾信。最后写庾信晚年《哀江南赋》极为凄凉悲壮，暗寓自己的乡国之思。全诗写景写情，均属亲身体验，深切真挚，议论精当，耐人寻味。
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上一首：
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杜甫《
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咏怀古迹五首·其二》
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下一首：
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杜甫《
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咏怀古迹五首·其三》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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