酬程延秋夜即事见赠
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唐代]:韩翃
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长簟迎风早,空城澹月华。
节候看应晚,心期卧亦赊。
酬程延秋夜即事见赠译文及注释
译文
韵译
我早早地枕着竹席迎风纳凉,清虚的秋夜京城荡漾着月光。
一行秋雁高高地掠过了星空,千家万户传来了捣衣的声响。
看节候应该是到了更深夜阑,思念友人心灵相期睡觉也晚。
刚刚反复吟诵你送我的佳句,不觉乌鸦呱呱啼叫天已渐亮。
直译
修长的竹枝早早迎接着秋风,淡淡的月华洒满了空城。
一只鸿雁向银河飞去,寂静的夜里,传来千家万户捣衣的砧声。
季节飞快地推移,转眼已秋冬,闲散里,我空怀着未曾了却的心意。
我反复吟诵你秀美的诗句,不觉天色将晓,已听见早鸦乱啼。
注释
程延:一作“程近”,事迹不祥,诗人的诗友。
簟(diàn):竹席。
空城:指城市秋夜清静如虚空。澹月华:月光淡荡。澹,漂动。
星河:即银河。
砧杵(zhēn chǔ):捣衣用具,古代捣衣多在秋夜。砧,捣衣石。杵,捣衣棒。
节候:节令气候。
心期:心所向往。卧:指闲居。落空。
向来:刚才。秀句:诗的美称。
鸣鸦:天晓鸦鸣。
参考资料:
1、韩成武.唐诗三百首赏析:河北人民出版社,1995:293-294
2、沙灵娜.唐诗三百首全译:贵州人民出版社,1990:258-259
3、赵昌平.唐诗三百首全解:上海复旦大学出版社,2006:179-180
酬程延秋夜即事见赠创作背景
这首诗具体创作年代已不详,题意为程延有《秋夜即事》诗来赠,韩翃作本诗酬答之。就六、七句观之,当为诗人闲居无职时所作。
参考资料:
1、赵昌平.唐诗三百首全解:上海复旦大学出版社,2006:179-180
酬程延秋夜即事见赠鉴赏
这是一首酬赠诗,诗人酬和友人,以友人的诗题和诗,描写了秋夜清远疏淡的景色,意境开阔,同时写出时序更迭引起诗人心事未了的惆怅。
前四句就卧病的心情来取景渲染、寂寥的砍夜之景与诗人的寂寥心情相吻合。
“长簟迎风早”是说秋风过早地来到庭院,长簟被秋风吹得窸窣咋响。一个“早”字写出卧病之人对秋风的突出感受。“迎风”二字写出一片萧瑟的声响,达声音更衬托出秋意的浓重和秋夜的沉寂。
“空城澹月华”,是说空寂约城中洒满了淡淡的月光。“空城”并非说城中空无所有,“空”是寂静之意。空城寂寂,月色凄迷,是对诗人心情的绝妙写照。
“星河秋一雁”,是说一只孤雁划过秋夜的天空向银河飞去。“星河”是寂寥的,“一雁”是孤独的,“秋”夜是清冷的,三种事物连缀成文,构成幽深的意境,使人感触到诗人心境为孤凄。
“砧杵夜千家”,是说时当秋季,人们开始准备寒衣了,故而千家万户都传来了捣衣声。捣衣声声,反衬出秋夜的沉寂。诗人巧借秋声秋色以渲染愁怀,收到了良好的艺术效果。
颈联转入叙事,写出悲秋的原因。“节候”,这两个字承接着前四句所写的秋声秋色。“看”和“应”均为揣测之辞,全句意思是说,看来节候大概已入晚秋。此句使用揣测之辞与下句的“卧”字相关照,“卧”是卧病在床,故对节候不能作定论。一个“卧”字定下全诗的感情基调,道出悲秋的原因:由于卧病,而使心愿落空。美好的心愿不能实观,疾病缠身,又临深秋,可见诗人的悲哀心情,跃然纸上。此联叙事是前四句景物描写的感情依凭,使以上的景物有了精神支柱。
尾联“向来吟秀句,不觉已鸣鸦:”二句意谓,深夜吟诵您的秀美诗句,兴味颇浓,不知不觉已是天晓鸦鸣。以扶病之身而能长夜吟庆不倦,自是因为诗句美好,作为酬赠之作,已尽了题意。同时,也写出了病中孤寂的生活,漫漫秋夜,只有一诗相伴,诗人的寥落心情可以想见。
全诗前半写景,景中寓情;后半叙事,事中现意。写景与叙事,笔墨虽二,情意实一。一条感情线索贯穿全篇,有如红线串珠,结构成一个完美的艺术整体。
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韩翃简介
唐代·韩翃的简介
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韩翃,唐代诗人。字君平,南阳(今河南南阳)人。是“大历十才子”之一。天宝13年(754)考中进士,宝应年间在淄青节度使侯希逸幕府中任从事,后随侯希逸回朝,闲居长安十年。建中年间,因作《寒食》诗被唐德宗所赏识,因而被提拔为中书舍人。韩翃诗笔法轻巧,写景别致,在当时传诵很广。
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