画蛇添足
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两汉]：刘向
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楚有祠者，赐其舍人卮酒，舍人相谓曰：“数人饮之不足，一人饮之有余。请画地为蛇，先成者饮酒。”
一人蛇先成，引酒且饮之，乃左手持卮，右手画蛇，曰：“吾能为之足。”未成，一人之蛇成，夺其卮曰：“蛇固无足，子安能为之足？”遂饮其酒。为蛇足者，终亡其酒。
画蛇添足译文及注释
译文
楚国有个祭祀的官员，给手下办事的人一壶酒和酒具。门客们互相商量说：“几个人喝这壶酒不够，一个人喝这壶酒才有剩余。请大家在地上画蛇，先画成的人喝酒。”
一个人先把蛇画好了。他拿起酒壶准备饮酒，就左手拿着酒壶，右手画蛇，说：“我能够给蛇添上脚！”没等他画完，另一个人的蛇画成了，夺过他的酒说：“蛇本来没有脚，你怎么能给它添上脚呢？”于是就把壶中的酒喝了下去。
那个给蛇画脚的人最终失掉了那壶酒。
注释
祠（cí）：祭祀。周代贵族一年四季都要祭祀祖宗，每个季度祭祀都有专门的称呼，春天祭祀叫“祠”。祠者：主管祭祀的官员。
舍人：门客，手下办事的人。
卮（zhī）：古代的一种盛酒器，类似壶。
相谓：互相商议。
请画地为蛇：要求大家在地上画蛇。画地：在地面上画（画的过程）。为蛇：画蛇。
引酒且饮之：拿起酒壶准备饮酒。引：拿，举。且:将要
蛇固无足：蛇本来就没有脚。固：本来，原来。
子：对人的尊称，您；你。
安能：怎能；哪能。
为：给；替。
遂：于是；就。
赐：赏给，古代上给下，长辈给晚辈送东西叫赐。
为之足：给它画上脚。足：画脚。
终：最终、最后。
引：拿起。
成：完成。
余：剩余。
足：（画）脚。
亡：丢失，失去。
为：给，替。
乃左手持卮：然后
夺其卮曰：他的，指代先成蛇者
遂饮其酒：他的，指示代词
终亡其酒：那，指示代词
谓:对......说。
祠：祭祀。周代贵族一年四季都要祭祀祖宗，每个季度祭祀都有专门的称呼，春天祭祀叫“祠”。
终亡其酒：失去
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郑之珍《
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铁杵磨针》
刘向简介
唐代·刘向的简介
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刘向（约前77—前6） 原名更生，字子政，祖籍沛郡（今属江苏徐州）人。西汉经学家、目录学家、文学家。刘向的散文主要是秦疏和校雠古书的“叙录”，较有名的有《谏营昌陵疏》和《战国策叙录》，叙事简约，理论畅达、舒缓平易是其主要特色。
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