忆旧游·登蓬莱阁
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宋代]：张炎
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问蓬莱何处，风月依然，万里江清。休说神仙事，便神仙纵有，即是闲人。笑我几番醒醉，石磴扫松阴。任狂客难招，采芳难赠，且自微吟。
俯仰成陈迹，叹百年谁在，阑槛孤凭。海日生残夜，看卧龙和梦，飞入秋冥。还听水声东去，山冷不生云。正目极空寒，萧萧汉柏愁茂陵。
忆旧游·登蓬莱阁译文及注释
译文
问蓬莱仙山在何处，眼前风月依旧人事已非，江天空阔客子形单影只。不要说神仙事，神仙并不存在，只有放弃俗世的纷扰，才是真正的神仙。应笑我多少次独醒烂醉，松阴之下把石磴扫个没完。无奈贺知章一样的狂客难以招回，采得芳草无人可赠，我姑且小声吟咏孤单。
转眼许多世事尽成陈迹，感叹“生年不满百，常怀千岁忧”，独自凭靠栏杆。天快亮时大海上升起太阳，山腾如龙，人在梦境，一切尽入秋天幽深的变幻。又听到大江东去滔滔之声，山壑不生白云一片凄暗。我用尽目力远望寒天，惦念茂陵葱葱郁郁的柏林，不知他如今受到怎样的摧残。
注释
蓬莱阁：蓬莱阁是江南名胜之一，处于浙江绍兴卧龙山下。绍兴处于钱塘江、曹娥江、杭州湾的怀抱之中。登高一望，江天空阔。风景极为独特。周密、张炎等人曾于此处作诗吟咏。
蓬莱：又称“蓬壶”、“蓬山”。神话中渤海里仙人居住的神山。《列子汤问篇》：“渤海之东，有大壑焉。……其中有五山焉：一曰岱与，一曰员峤，三曰方壶，四曰瀛洲，五曰蓬莱。”李商隐《无题》：“刘郎已恨蓬山远，更隔蓬山一万重。”
醒醉：晏几道《木兰花》：“劝君莫作独醒人，烂醉花间应有数。”
石磴：山路上的石级。磴（dèng）：台阶或楼梯的层级。
扫：描画。
松阴：松树之阴。多指幽静之地。
狂客：指唐诗人贺知章，知章晚年自号四明狂客，退居于绍兴镜湖之滨。
采芳：欲采芳草，无人可赠。屈原《九歌·湘君》：“采芳洲兮杜若，将以遗兮下女。”《古诗十九首·涉江采芙蓉》：“涉江采芙蓉，兰泽多芳草。采之欲遗谁，所思在远道。”
微吟：小声吟咏。词人感到孤独，无以排忧，只好微吟以求慰藉。
俯仰：低头和抬头，形容时间很短。
阑槛（lan jiàn）孤凭：独自凭靠栏杆。阑槛：同栏杆。
海日生残夜：王湾《次北固山下》：“客路青山下，行舟绿水前。潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。海日生残夜，江春入旧年。乡书何处达，归雁洛阳边。”残夜:天快亮时。
卧龙和梦：见卧龙山在朦胧中的盘踞情状。山腾如龙，人在梦境。陈寿《三国志·蜀书·诸葛亮传》：“诸葛孔明者,卧龙也。”
秋冥：秋天幽深。
不生云：云气蜇状，一片凄冷不动气象。
正：恰好。
目极：用尽目力远望。
茂陵：汉武帝的陵墓，在今陕西兴平东南。这里是指南宋帝王的陵墓。
参考资料：
1、萧枫． 《唐诗宋词全集 第16卷》：西安出版社，2000.07：383页
2、金元浦主编．新编绘图本华夏千家词：山西人民出版社，1998.09：347页
忆旧游·登蓬莱阁创作背景
此词为宋亡之后，诗人登临感怀之作。诗人于深秋之夜，独自登上蓬莱阁，凭吊山河，面对人世的大变和大自然的永恒，不觉感概生哀。
参考资料：
1、金元浦主编．新编绘图本华夏千家词：山西人民出版社，1998.09：347页
忆旧游·登蓬莱阁鉴赏
“问蓬莱何处，风月依然，万里江清”。全词借势起笔，“问”字直接领起，带出登阁游览的总印象。“风月”从时间上写人事的变化。时间未变，而思念大变，令人倍感痛心。“万里江清”。从空间上写阁上眼界的空阔。“休说神仙事，便神仙纵有，即是闲人。”前面三句写景，此句转为抒情。从写景到抒情，转得虚灵。意为身历亡国巨变，要象神仙那样出世吗？但神仙并不存在，不值得追求的。作者是南宋遗民，他认为只有放弃俗世的纷扰，才是真正的“神仙”。世上有蓬莱阁一类景物可供幽赏，这正是“神仙”的“安身立命”之地。
“笑我几番醒醉，石磴扫松阴。”以“醒醉”、“扫磴”的活动来表示，含蓄表达中点明“游”字。“石磴”即用“松阴扫石磴”句。“任狂客难招，采芳难赠，且自微吟。”笔触之处又回转蓬莱阁。“松阴”扫“石磴”，已有“独”意。“采芳难赠”化《古诗十九首》“涉江采芙蓉，兰泽多芳草，采之欲遗谁？所思在远道”诗意，欲采芳香，无素心人可赠。词人感到孤独，只好“任”之，只好“微吟”自寻慰藉而已。
“俯仰成陈迹，叹百年谁在，阑槛孤凭”，意接上片总括游踪。世事的变化和此行的孤独。所云“俯仰”之间，许多世事尽成“陈迹”，抒发了物人皆非之感慨。感物中怀人念远中伤逝，忧愤加深。“海日生残夜，看卧龙和梦，飞入秋冥。”写天亮前所见景色。“海日生残夜”，写残夜所见卧龙山在朦胧中的盘踞情状。山腾如龙，在人梦境。作者思绪跳动，从残夜到天明，从日色到江声。
“还听水声东去，山冷不生云。”“不生云”，云气蜇状，自为一片凄冷不动气象。“正目极空寒”，从恢强飞动转到冷峭幽寂。“萧萧汉柏愁茂陵”，结句上接“目极”，意却向远处延伸。此句含意无限，是遗民心事的点睛之笔。“愁”字，点出“茂陵松柏”与此时、此地、此心的关系。
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温庭筠《
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河传·湖上》
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苏轼《
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木兰花令·梧桐叶上三更雨》
张炎简介
唐代·张炎的简介
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张炎（1248年－1320年），字叔夏，号玉田，晚年号乐笑翁。祖籍陕西凤翔。六世祖张俊，宋朝著名将领。父张枢，“西湖吟社”重要成员，妙解音律，与著名词人周密相交。张炎是勋贵之后，前半生居于临安，生活优裕，而宋亡以后则家道中落，晚年漂泊落拓。著有《山中白云词》，存词302首。张炎另一重要的贡献在于创作了中国最早的词论专著《词源》，总结整理了宋末雅词一派的主要艺术思想与成就，其中以“清空”，“骚雅”为主要主张。
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此地求沿革，当年本合并。林岚陪禁近，词庙仰勋名。
水榭分还壮，云廊改更清。诸公齐努力，谁得似桐城。
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赴金陵舟过霅川偶作 其一
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宋代：
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李光
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孤村远浦接微茫，处处经行看插秧。却忆年时住家处，藕花无数绕林塘。