悼室人
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南北朝]：江淹
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风光肃入户，月华为谁来？
结眉向蛛网，沥思视青苔。
鬓局将成葆，带减不须摧。
我心若涵烟，葐蒀满中怀。
悼室人鉴赏
“秋至捣罗纨，泪满未能开”，秋天到了，天气转凉，照例要另添新衣了。罗、纨都是丝织品，在制衣前先要将其展开放在砧上用杵捣，然后才能制衣。在古代诗歌作品中，捣衣常常用来表现妇女对远行在外的亲人的思念，可是这首诗中，诗人却因捣衣无人而引起了和妻子生死永诀的巨大悲哀。捣衣、制衣都是妇女的工作，妻子如果在世，此时肯定要忙碌起来了，可如今到了这个时节，妻子却已永离人世了。面对成叠的罗纨，诗人不觉又潸然泪下。那帛匹上已沾满了泪水，诗人还在怅然伫立。“未能”二字，见出诗人的内心已由酸痛而至于麻木，他无力也不忍打开那帛匹了。这二句由事及人，由人及情，包含了作者深切的情思。
秋风急急地闯进庭院门户，这才惊动了独自出神的诗人。皎洁的月光也偏在这个时候不速而至。“月华”暗点诗人一直伫立到夜黑，语似浅而实深。月华本是无情物，可此时诗人却认定它是有情的，是理解人间的欢乐与悲愁的。那么，如今妻子不在了，它却照样把清辉洒向人间，诗人不由得要责问它为谁而来。在他看来，妻子既已不在人世，月华乃至一切，都变得多余了、毫无意义了。语似不合常理，情意却异常真切。
“结眉向蛛网，沥思视青苔”，室中全是蛛网，院内爬满青苔，一派荒芜凄凉。这一切，既见得妻子死后，家务无人操持；又见得爱妻一失，诗人已百无聊赖，万事都不关心。同时，“蛛网”、“青苔”，在这里又有象征意义。诗人对妻子的思念之情，亦正如这蛛网一样缠绕心头，剪不断，理还乱，这密布的青苔所显示的凄凉衰败，也恰是他此刻心理状态的形象写照。这两句把有形的蛛网、青苔和无形的心理活动巧妙地组合在一起，构成了深邃的意境。“结眉”意即紧锁眉头，“结”字正好和蛛网相关联，构思很巧妙；而“沥思”一词更为形象生动，表明那不尽的哀思是从诗人心灵深处一点一滴流滴出来的，是凝结着深切的、全部的爱的。两句用笔奇巧而浑然无迹，体现了江淹的卓越才思。
“鬓局将成葆，带减不须摧”，鬓发犹如杂草般屈曲蓬乱，形体也日见消瘦，以致衣带显得宽缓了许多，而诗人也无心去收紧。诗人在这两句中描绘了自己的形象，读者仿佛看到了他那形容憔悴、哀毁骨立的模样。失去亲人的痛苦使他无心顾及自己的仪容甚至健康，可见内心的痛苦有多么深重。
“我心若涵烟，葐蒀满中怀”，葐蒀，烟气氤氲貌。诗人只觉得心怀中像是包涵了一腔烟气，那烟在胸中屈曲盘折、流动不定、四处撞击、无时或止。这两句用葐蒀烟气来形容诗人哀思的缠绵婉转和触处皆是，手法极其精妙，可使人产生无穷联想。全诗语气平稳，没有什么波澜，但读后仍然强烈地感受到作者充满胸怀的哀伤之情。江淹诗歌中的抒情多数如此，没有激烈慷慨的喷发，却有含蓄深沉、持久蕴藉的感染力。
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上一首：
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纳兰性德《
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南乡子·为亡妇题照》
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下一首：
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白居易《
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梦微之》
江淹简介
唐代·江淹的简介
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江淹（444—505），字文通，南朝著名文学家、散文家，历仕三朝，宋州济阳考城（今河南省商丘市民权县）人。江淹少时孤贫好学，六岁能诗，十三岁丧父。二十岁左右在新安王刘子鸾幕下任职，开始其政治生涯，历仕南朝宋、齐、梁三代。江淹在仕途上早年不甚得志。泰始二年（466年），江淹转入建平王刘景素幕，江淹受广陵令郭彦文案牵连，被诬受贿入狱，在狱中上书陈情获释。刘景素密谋叛乱，江淹曾多次谏劝，刘景素不纳，贬江淹为建安吴兴县令。宋顺帝升明元年（477年），齐高帝萧道成执政，把江淹自吴兴召回，并任为尚书驾部郎、骠骑参军事，大受重用。
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