早雁
[
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 93
唐代]：杜牧
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 114
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 114
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 116
仙掌月明孤影过，长门灯暗数声来。
须知胡骑纷纷在，岂逐春风一一回？
莫厌潇湘少人处，水多菰米岸莓苔。
早雁译文及注释
译文
八月边地回鹘士兵拉弓射箭，雁群为之惊飞四散哀鸣连连。
月明之夜孤雁掠过承露仙掌，哀鸣声传到昏暗的长门宫前。
应该知道北方正当烽烟四起，再也不能随着春风回归家园。
请莫嫌弃潇湘一带人烟稀少，水边的菰米绿苔可免受饥寒。
注释
金河：在今内蒙呼和浩特市南。秋半：八月。虏弦开：指回鹘南侵。
云外：一作“云际”。
仙掌：指长安建章宫内铜铸仙人举掌托起承露盘。
长门：汉宫名，汉武帝时陈皇后失宠时幽居长门宫。
须知胡骑纷纷在：一作“虽随胡马翩翩去”。胡：指回鹘，也称回纥。
莫厌：一作“好是”。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等 ．全唐诗（下） ．上海 ：上海古籍出版社 ，1986年10月版 ：第1324-1325页 ．
2、于海娣 等 ．唐诗鉴赏大全集 ．北京 ：中国华侨出版社 ，2010年12月版 ：第375页 ．
早雁创作背景
唐武宗会昌二年（842年）八月，北方回鹘族乌介可汗率兵南侵，引起边民纷纷逃亡。杜牧时任黄州（今湖北黄冈）刺史，闻此而忧之，因写下此诗。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：375
2、萧涤非 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：1082-1083
早雁鉴赏
此诗通篇为咏物体，前四句写大雁惊飞，影过皇城，鸣声回荡在长安城上空。言外之意是：不知是否能引起皇宫中统治者的关注？后四句安慰大雁：胡骑尚在，你们到春天时也不要急于北飞，潇湘之地也可以觅食。此诗通篇无一语批评执政者，但在秋天就设想明年春天胡骑还在，则朝廷无力安边之意自明。这是非常含蓄的怨刺方法。
首联想象鸿雁遭射四散的情景。金河，在今内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市南，这里泛指北方边地。“虏弦开”，是双关挽弓射猎和发动军事骚扰活动。这两句生动地展现出一幅边塞惊雁的活动图景：仲秋塞外，广漠无边，正在云霄展翅翱翔的雁群忽然遭到胡骑的袭射，立时惊飞四散，发出凄厉的哀鸣。“惊飞四散哀”五个字，从情态、动作到声音，写出一时间连续发生的情景，层次分明而又贯串一气，是非常真切凝炼的动态描写。
颔联续写“惊飞四散”的征雁飞经都城长安上空的情景。汉代建章宫有金铜仙人舒掌托承露盘，“仙掌”指此。清凉的月色映照着宫中孤耸的仙掌，这景象已在静谧中显出几分冷寂；在这静寂的画面上又飘过孤雁缥缈的身影，就更显出境界之清寥和雁影之孤孑。失宠者幽居的长门宫，灯光黯淡，本就充满悲愁凄冷的气氛，在这种氛围中传来几声失群孤雁的哀鸣，就更显出境界的孤寂与雁鸣的悲凉。“孤影过”、“数声来”，一绘影，一写声，都与上联“惊飞四散”相应，写的是失群离散、形单影只之雁。两句在情景的描写、气氛的烘染方面，极细腻而传神。透过这幅清冷孤寂的孤雁南征图，可以隐约感受到那个衰颓时代悲凉的气氛。诗人特意使惊飞四散的征雁出现在长安宫阙的上空，似乎还隐寓着微婉的讽慨。它让人感到，居住在深宫中的皇帝，不但无力、而且也无意拯救流离失所的边地人民。月明灯暗，影孤啼哀，整个境界，正透出一种无言的冷漠。
颈联又由征雁南飞遥想到它们的北归，诗人说：如今胡人的骑兵射手还纷纷布满金河一带地区，明春气候转暖时节，你们又怎能随着和煦的春风一一返回自己的故乡呢？大雁秋来春返，故有“逐春风”而回的设想，但这里的“春风”似乎还兼有某种比兴象征意义。据《资治通鉴》载，回鹘侵扰边地时，唐朝廷“诏发陈、许、徐、汝、襄阳等兵屯太原及振武、天德，俟来春驱逐回鹘”。问题是：朝廷上的“春风”究竟能不能将流离异地的征雁吹送回北方呢？大雁还在南征的途中，诗人却已想到它们的北返；正在哀怜它们的惊飞离散，却已想到它们异日的无家可归。这是对流离失所的边地人民无微不至的关切。“须知”、“岂逐”，更像是面对边地流民深情嘱咐的口吻。两句一意贯串，语调轻柔，情致深婉。这种深切的同情，正与上联透露的无言的冷漠形成鲜明的对照。
流离失所、欲归不得的征雁，它们的归宿是：“莫厌潇湘少人处，水多菰米岸莓苔。”潇湘指今湖南中部、南部一带。相传雁飞不过衡阳，所以这里想象它们在潇湘一带停歇下来。菰米，是一种生长在浅水中的多年生草本植物的果实（嫩茎叫茭白）。莓苔，是一种蔷薇科植物，子红色。这两种东西都是雁的食物。诗人深情地劝慰南飞的征雁：不要厌弃潇湘一带空旷人稀，那里水中泽畔长满了菰米莓苔，尽堪作为食料，不妨暂时安居下来吧。诗人在无可奈何中发出的劝慰与嘱咐，更深一层地表现了对流亡者的深情体贴。由南征而想到北返，这是一层曲折；由北返无家可归想到不如在南方寻找归宿，这又是一层曲折。通过层层曲折转跌，诗人对边地人民的深情系念也就表达得愈加充分和深入。“莫厌”二字，耽心南来的征雁也许不习惯潇湘的空旷孤寂，显得蕴藉深厚，体贴备至。
这是一首托物寓慨的诗。通篇采用比兴象征手法，表面上似乎句句写雁，实际上，它句句写时事，句句写人。风格婉曲细腻，清丽含蓄。而这种深婉细腻又与轻快流走的格调和谐地统一在一起，在以豪宕俊爽为主要特色的杜牧诗中，是别开生面之作。
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 169
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
上一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
柳宗元《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
酬娄秀才寓居开元寺早秋月夜病中》
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 193
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
下一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
范成大《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
车遥遥篇》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 222
Warning: Use of undefined constant titleurl - assumed 'titleurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 228
杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
猜你喜欢
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
怀贤诗·韩学士菼
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
清代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
徐元文
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
矫矫韩学士，高视薄浮壒。寡虑泊无营，立言道所赖。
痛饮非徒然，寄赏不在外。物情任回遹，揽古意自泰。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
感阿富汗近况
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
近现代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
伯昏子
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
莫恃昆仑峻，闲观高附兵。萧墙荆簇满，卧榻虎横行。
白骨撑星帜，烟荒隔汉营。固疆能不慎，奇计待陈平。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
乙巳岁除日收周茂叔虞曹武昌惠书知已赴官零陵丙午正月内成十诗奉寄 其二
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
蒲宗孟
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
想到零陵日，高歌足解颜。乡闾接营道，风物近庐山。
万石今兴废，三亭谁往还。不知零与永，二郡孰安閒。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
春日郊居
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
何其伟
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
出郭愁真破，探春意独偏。乾坤风物外，消息杏花前。
野竹连荒径，娇莺掠舞筵。郊空呈万汇，幽兴亦悠然。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
绝句
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
近现代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
胡云飞
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
搁足寒山沙，濯足清溪水。水流沙亦流，足背栖鱼子。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
诗偈 其一七八
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
唐代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
庞蕴
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/chainouu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
行学非真道，徒劳神与躯。千里寻月影，终是枉工夫。
不悟缘声色，当今学者疏。但看起灭处，此个是真如。