南乡子·自古帝王州
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宋代]：王安石
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自古帝王州，郁郁葱葱佳气浮。四百年来成一梦，堪愁。晋代衣冠成古丘。
绕水恣行游。上尽层城更上楼。往事悠悠君莫问，回头。槛外长江空自流。
南乡子·自古帝王州译文及注释
译文
这里曾是历代帝王建都之所，周围树木葱茏繁茂，山环水绕，云蒸霞蔚。可是，四百年来的繁华隆盛已像梦一般逝去，使人感叹。那晋代的帝王将相，早已是一杯黄土，被历史遗弃。
绕着江岸尽情地游行游赏，登上一层楼，再上一层楼，往事悠悠，早已不值一问，不如早回头。往事如烟，就像这槛外无情的江水空自东流。
注释
帝王州：指金陵（今江苏省南京市）。三国的吴、东晋、南北朝的宋、齐、粱、陈、五代的南唐等朝代在此建都，故称为“帝王州”。
郁郁葱葱：草木茂盛。
佳气：指产生帝王的一种气，这是一种迷信的说法。
四百年：金陵作为历代帝都将近四百年。
晋代衣冠成古丘：李白《登金陵凤凰台》诗中的名句：“吴宫花草埋幽径，晋代衣冠成古丘。”把晋代与吴宫并举，明确地显示出后代诗人对晋朝的向往。冠（guān）：古代士以上的穿戴，衣冠连称，是古代土以上的服装，后引申为世族、绅士。古丘：坟墓。
恣（zì）行游：尽情地绕着江边闲行游赏。恣：任意地、自由自在地。
更：再，又，不只一次地。
悠悠：长久。遥远的样子。
回头：指透彻醒悟。佛家语“苦海无边，回头是岸。”
槛：栏杆。语出唐代诗人王勃的《滕王阁诗》中的名句：“阁中帝子今何在，槛外长江空自流。”
参考资料：
1、马敬芳 ．豪放词 ：青海人民出版社 ，2004年01月 ：第56页 ．
南乡子·自古帝王州创作背景
本篇为作者在金陵登楼怀古时所作。情调与《桂枝香·登临送目》相近，很可能写于同一时期。
参考资料：
1、喻朝刚 周航主编 ．宋词观止 ：大众文艺出版社 ，2001年01月 ：第175页 ．
南乡子·自古帝王州鉴赏
此诗亦为王安石晚年谪居金陵，任江宁知府时所作。在表面的表达昔盛今衰之感的同时，把自己非常复杂的心境，也暗含于诗作之中。
金陵城自古以来便是帝王之州，唐代刘禹锡曾作《西塞山怀古》一诗：“王睿楼船下益州，金陵王气黯然收。千寻铁锁沉江底，一片降幡出石头。”然而，王安石看到的与刘禹锡所见大不相同，这里是一片郁郁葱葱的王气正盛之地，佳气上浮。但那是晋代的事情，已经过去四百年了，晋代的白衣胜雪，衣冠之族，已经成为一座座古墓，回首往事的时候，这些是怎堪回首呀。末句借用李白《登金陵凤凰台》中的名句，表达的是同样的昔盛今衰的怅然之情。将自己的理想寄托在过去的时代里，这是诗歌中常用的写法，借此来表明自己对现实的不满，同时使诗歌具有一种“高古”的气象。
作者独自一个人绕着江水边上行游，然后登上高楼。“绕水游”是排遣心中的愁绪或不平事的一种办法，在这里，作者借这种典型的动作来表现内心的无边愁绪。好在这种“绕水游”并不受外在任何事物的限制，可以“恣行”，随意地到处走走。但是，这是一种多么无奈的自由啊，王安石所追求的，是推行新法，实现强民富国的愿望，而现在，只能是“绕水游”而已，慨叹之声，达于纸上。古人在诗中所抒写的，常常不是“达则兼济天下”的顺境，而是“穷则独善其身的”逆境，但到底心还被“达”的愿望所牵绊，所以读这样的诗句的时候，要看出作者表面闲适的背后，是无穷的凄凉与热切的期盼。“上尽层楼”含有中国古代的“登高怀远”“登高而愁”的文化密码。从南北朝时期的王粲写《登楼赋》开始，这个动作就被赋予了思念故国之情。而唐代王之涣的一首《登鹳雀楼》则是从人生哲学意味上诠释了这一个典型的动作、典型的场景。在这里，作者是思念故国（首都）呢，还是“欲穷千里目”呢？通过上文的表面闲适与内心焦虑，我们可以看到他所思念的，正是重回故国，再造宏业；通过后文的回忆往事，我们又可以知道作者这时的心理是放弃思念故国的想法，而注重对往事的追寻，注意对往事从文化意义上进行思考；我们还可以认定，作者是想“登高望远”，而这里的“远”，不是空间上的，而是时间上的，表明作者独特的意趣和别具怀抱。国学大师陈寅恪曾说：“诗若只有一种解释便不是好诗。”一首真正的好诗，就是可以这样多方面地甚至地矛盾地刺激读者去思考，去与自己的人生体验结合起来，思考诗歌的同时，也思考人生的选择甚至人类的境遇。“更上楼”，不是上到楼的顶端再往上走，而是不断地一次又一次地登楼。往事悠悠而去了，你不要问我在想些什么，回头看过去的时候，只能看见窗外的长江，在日夜不息地向东流去。结句也是化用唐人诗句，王勃的《滕王阁诗》，作者在这里却别有怀抱：可以理解为，历史是无情的，就像东流之水，一直向前，或许人类所为的一切只是这水的片刻停留，没有太大的意义；也可以理解为，不论目前我的遭遇如何，但我所做的一切，都如长江水一般，是一种永恒的存在；或者联系《滕王阁诗》原文前一句：“阁中帝子今何在？”的反问，问当今的皇帝“今何在”，表达自己期待着重回朝廷的愿望。但似乎一切都不重要了，就像长江水，一直流着，流着。
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欧阳修《
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唐崇徽公主手痕和韩内翰》
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汤显祖《
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闻都城渴雨时苦摊税》
王安石简介
唐代·王安石的简介
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王安石（1021年12月18日－1086年5月21日），字介甫，号半山，谥文，封荆国公。世人又称王荆公。汉族，北宋抚州临川人（今江西省抚州市临川区邓家巷人），中国北宋著名政治家、思想家、文学家、改革家，唐宋八大家之一。欧阳修称赞王安石：“翰林风月三千首，吏部文章二百年。老去自怜心尚在，后来谁与子争先。”传世文集有《王临川集》、《临川集拾遗》等。其诗文各体兼擅，词虽不多，但亦擅长，且有名作《桂枝香》等。而王荆公最得世人哄传之诗句莫过于《泊船瓜洲》中的“春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还。”
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赵汝腾
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抱琴几宿滞秦溪，多谢常丞寄近诗。细咀绝无烟火气，其人可与溯濂伊。
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疏影 题拜梅园和谢椒石同年集中作
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清代：
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叶绍本
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名葩无数，问弱骨丰肌，谁堪腰折。雪后园林，篱落一枝，才见孤高标格。
平生倾倒人馀几，恰乍对、琼仙接席。便殷勤、作礼何妨，况是广平铁石。