南风歌
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两汉]：佚名
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南风之薰兮，可以解吾民之愠兮。
南风之时兮，可以阜吾民之财兮。
南风歌译文及注释
译文
南风清凉阵阵吹啊，可以解除万民的愁苦。
南风适时缓缓吹啊，可以丰富万民的财物。
注释
南风：东南风，又称薰风(薰是清凉温和的意思)。
愠：含怒，怨恨，忧愁。
时：适时，及时，合时宜的。
阜：丰富。
南风歌鉴赏
《南风歌》相传为舜帝所作。《礼记·乐记》曰：“昔者舜作五弦之琴以歌《南风》。”《古今乐录》曰：“舜弹五弦之琴，歌《南风》之诗。”《史记·乐书》曰：“舜歌《南风》而天下治，《南风》者，生长之音也。舜乐好之，乐与天地同，意得万国之欢心，故天下治也。”明初，晋王朱（木冈）展扩太原城，新增修大南门，取《南风歌》之意，原南门命名为承恩门，即辛亥革命后的首义门，新南门命名为迎泽门。
此诗前两句始见战国尸佼的《尸子·绰子篇》，全诗始出三国魏王肃收集编撰的《孔子家语·辩乐解》。《孔子家语》是王肃伪托之作，今人因而怀疑《南风歌》也是后人伪作。舜为传说人物，其“作五弦之琴以歌南风”，很可能是小说家笔法。不过据考证，《南风歌》自战国后已广为人知。今人逯钦立指出:“《史记》已言歌《南风》之诗。冯衍《显志赋》又云咏《南风》之高声。步骘《上疏》亦言弹五弦之琴，咏《南风》之诗。俱证《尸子》以后，此诗传行已久。谓为王肃伪作，非是。”（《先秦汉魏晋南北朝诗》）王力则从音韵学的角度指出：此诗“以‘时’‘财’为韵，这种古韵也决不是汉以后的人所能伪造的”（《汉语诗律学》）。当然，这首句式整齐、诗语明朗、抒情优美的《南风歌》，也不可能是舜帝时代的原作，而是在口耳相传的过程中，经过了后人的加工和润色的。
全诗四句，但情思复杂。它借舜帝口吻抒发了先民对“南风”既赞美又祈盼的双重感情。因为，清凉而适时的南风，对万民百姓的生活是那样重要，那样不可缺少。
“南风之薰兮，可以解吾民之愠兮”，这是就苦夏的日常生活而言。赤日炎炎，暑气如蒸，百姓怎能无怨？而南风一起，天气转凉，万民必有喜色。所谓薰风兼细雨，喜至怨忧除。白居易《首夏南池独酌》“熏风自南至，吹我池上林”，就是表达了这种情怀。“南风之时兮，可以阜吾民之财兮”，清凉的南风可以解民之愠，适时的南风则可以阜民之财，由日常生活转而到收成财物，诗意更进一层。《礼记·乐记》曰:“天地之道，寒暑不时则疾，风雨不节则饥。”可见，“南风”的“阜民之财”比之“解民之愠”更为重要，也更为令人祈盼。因此，前人大都从这方面来阐释诗旨。司马迁说:“《南风》之诗者，生长之音也。”（《史记·乐书》）王肃也说:“《南风》，育养民之诗也。”概言之，《南风》之歌，即赞颂“南风”煦育万物、播福万民的恩泽之歌。
善读诗者，当悟诗外之旨。其实，先民们对“南风”的赞颂和祈盼，也正反映了他们在自然力面前的无可奈何和无能为力。热烈虔诚的赞颂里，潜藏着忧郁无奈的心情。不过，由于对“南风”的赞颂和祈盼，是通过拟想中的舜帝口吻表达的。因此，经后世儒家诗评家的阐释，“南风”逐渐具有比兴之意，并成为帝王体恤百姓的象征意象；历代诗人也常以“南风”来称颂帝王对百姓的体恤之情和煦育之功。在古代诗歌语词中，“南风”是最具美颂色彩的意象之一。
在艺术形式上，诗句错落，诗节对称；押韵讲究，重章复唱；辞达而意显，声曼而情婉，这是《南风歌》的主要特点。这种类似楚辞格调的艺术特色，同它在流传过程中得到加工润色的“第二重创作”，有着密切关系。
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阮郎归·女贞花白草迷离》
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