竹枝词九首·其九
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唐代]：刘禹锡
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银钏金钗来负水，长刀短笠去烧畲。(烧畲同烧
畬
）
竹枝词九首·其九鉴赏
这是组诗《竹枝词九首》的最后一首。这首诗是一幅巴东山区人民生活的风俗画。它不是一般的模山范水，不是着力于表现山水的容态精神，而是从中发掘出一种比自然美更为可贵的劳动的美，创造力的美。
“山上层层桃李花，云间烟火是人家。”开头用一个“山”字领起，一下子把诗人面对春山、观赏山景的形象勾画出来了。俗谚说：“桃花开，李花败。”一般是李花先开，桃花后开。现在桃花、李花同时盛开，这是山地气候不齐所特有的景象。“层层”状桃李花的繁茂与普遍。此山彼山，触处皆是。那种色彩绚烂、满山飘香的景象可以想见。次句由景及人。“云间”形容山顶之高。诗人遥望山顶，在花木掩映之中，升起了袅袅的炊烟。他推断，这一定是村民聚居之处。“是人家”三字是诗人注意力的归着点。“是”字下得醒豁，表明诗人探寻的目光越过满山的桃李，透过山顶的云雾，终于找到了绣出这满山春色的主人的所在，美是由人创造的。山美、花木美，都来自山村居民的劳动之美。以下即转为富有地方色彩的山村居民的劳动场景的描画。
“银钏金钗来负水，长刀短笠去烧畲。”两句写山村居民热气腾腾的劳动生活。挎着长刀、戴着短笠的男人们根据传统的办法前去放火烧荒，准备播种；戴着饰物的青年妇女们下山担水，准备做饭。在这里，作者运用了两种修辞手法。一、借代。用“银钏金钗”借代青年妇女，用“长刀短笠”借代壮年男子，正好捕捉了山民男女形象的特征，具有浓厚的地方色彩。二、对仗。不仅上下两句相对，而且还采用了句中自为对（即当句对）的办法，把语言锤打得十分凝炼。
全诗短短四句，每句一景，犹如四幅画图，孤立起来看，有其相对的独立性，合起来看，恰好构成一个完满的艺术整体。由满山的桃李花引出山村人家，又由山村人家引出劳动男女戮力春耕的情景，全诗至此戛然而止，而把妇女们负水对歌、烧畲时火光烛天以及秋后满山金黄等情景统统留给读者去想象，画面的转接与安排极有理致。诗中没有直接发出赞美，但那种与劳动生活的旋律十分合拍的轻快的节奏，那种着力描绘创造力之美的艺术构思，都隐隐透露出诗人欣喜愉快的心情和对劳动生活的赞叹。刘禹锡贬谪巴山楚水之时，接近了人民，南国的风土人情，激荡了他的诗情，丰富和提高了他的艺术情趣，使他在美的探索中扩大了视野，在审美鉴赏力和表现力方面，都有了新的突破。
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上一首：
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李白《
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山中与幽人对酌》
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下一首：
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张昪《
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满江红·无利无名》
刘禹锡简介
唐代·刘禹锡的简介
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刘禹锡（772－842），字梦得，汉族，中国唐朝彭城（今徐州）人，祖籍洛阳，唐朝文学家，哲学家，自称是汉中山靖王后裔，曾任监察御史，是王叔文政治改革集团的一员。唐代中晚期著名诗人，有“诗豪”之称。他的家庭是一个世代以儒学相传的书香门第。政治上主张革新，是王叔文派政治革新活动的中心人物之一。后来永贞革新失败被贬为朗州司马（今湖南常德）。据湖南常德历史学家、收藏家周新国先生考证刘禹锡被贬为朗州司马其间写了著名的“汉寿城春望”。
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唐代：
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凤管听何远，鸾声若在群。暗空思羽盖，馀气自氛氲。
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宋代：
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