拨不断·大鱼
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元代]：王和卿
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胜神鳌，夯风涛，脊梁上轻负着蓬莱岛。万里夕阳锦背高，翻身犹恨东洋小，太公怎钓？
拨不断·大鱼译文及注释
译文
胜过了那神奇的大鳌，力气之大可以对抗海上的大风涛，脊背上轻松地背负着蓬莱岛。在夕阳万里、无所遮拦的开阔视野下，却只能见到它高耸的华美脊背。就是翻个身还嫌东洋太小。这样的大鱼，姜太公怎么钓？
注释
⑴双调：宫调名，十二宫调之一。拨不断：曲牌名。又名“续断弦”，属双调宫曲调。此调流行于南宋和元代。全曲六句，基本句式为三三七七七四，押三平韵三仄韵。
⑵神鳌：传说中海里的大龟，事见《列子·汤问》。
⑶夯（hāng），此指扛、顶。
⑷蓬莱岛：传说中的海上三仙山之一。
⑸锦背：那大鱼的脊背美似锦绣。
⑹太公怎钓：姜太公曾用无饵之钩，离水三尺钓来周文王，得成功业。此处说以太公钓术之高也无法钓这大鱼。
参考资料：
1、滕 森．元曲三百首彩图馆．北京：中国华侨出版社，2016：15
拨不断·大鱼创作背景
王和卿生卒年不详，此曲的创作时间也难以确证，只能根据王和卿与关汉卿是同时代人而推定此曲当作于元代初年。而作者在世时声望甚高，入元不仕，可知作者作此曲时有借鱼自比、借鱼托志之意。
参考资料：
1、游国恩 等．中国文学史（三）．北京：人民文学出版社，1964：299-300
2、蒋星煜 等．元曲鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1990：18-19
拨不断·大鱼鉴赏
这首曲子以夸张手法咏物，深受《列子》影响，想象奇特，充满了奇思壮采。“胜神鳌，夯风涛”写出了大鱼的磅礴气势。作者以巨鳌比，已见鱼之巨大，而作者更云“胜神鳌，夯风涛”，以一“胜”字，夸耀鱼的力量之神，还远在神鳌之上。“脊梁上轻负着蓬莱岛”则说明这鱼不仅身形庞大，还神猛无比。作者以大鱼背负蓬莱之轻松，与神鳌“夯风涛”之沉重作比，形象地写出了大鱼无与伦比的神奇力量。开头三句，作者空中落笔，极力夸耀大鱼之神力而不描绘它的形体具体如何，以悬人心念。第四句方绘其形体：“万里夕阳锦背高。”这鱼是如此不同寻常，万里夕阳都照不全它的脊背，更不见其首尾，则其全身之大，简直令人不敢想象。作者笔墨纸夸张，实已登峰造极，无以复加。下句更异想天开，层楼再上：“翻身犹恨东洋小。”真是奇想妙语。东洋已大不可测，偌大的东洋都嫌小，鱼身之大，几欲支撑天地了。至此，大鱼已神形具备，如何作结，颇难下笔，而作者却出人意料，以“太公怎钓”作豹尾，顿使全曲神采倍增。据说姜太公能用直钩便可把鱼钓到，连姜太公都没有能力将它钓走。在古代，神物神兽皆以神人为主，此大鱼却一反常态，其意味正在此鱼是毫无拘束，一任自由的。这无疑是“神”“大”的最高境界。
王和卿幽默诙谐，其散曲善用夸张手法。作者在此塑造这样一个力大无穷、形大无比、无拘无束的形象，不妨看作是元初一批文人放浪形骸、恣肆任诞和无拘无束的精神折光。此曲涵有作者含蓄和深刻的“自况”。明写大鱼，实际上另有深意：人应有不避艰险、气吞山海的阔大胸怀和非凡抱负，喻示着作者本人狂放傲世的性格。
王和卿的曲子以想象丰富、语言新奇见长，此曲就极好地体现了这点。在艺术手法上，此曲想象奇特，笔调幽默，造语诙谐，传神之法尤为出色。即实处写形，亦化实为虚，采用超限比喻手法，说鱼“胜”于巨鳌，“恨”东洋为小，其大究竟如何，则有意模糊不述，鱼之大便没有界限。这样，极大地提高了作品欣赏中的可塑性和再造力。这是古代诗歌状情写物中颇具特色的手法。这首小令堪称优秀典范之一。
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陶渊明《
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读山海经十三首·其十二》
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李贺《
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天上谣》
王和卿简介
唐代·王和卿的简介
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王和卿， 元代散曲家。大名(今属河北省)人，生卒年字号不详。《录鬼簿》列为"前辈名公"，但各本称呼不同，天一阁本称为"王和卿学士"，孟称舜本却称他为"散人"。他与关汉卿是同时代人,而又比关汉卿早卒。明·朱权《太和正音谱》将其列于“词林英杰”一百五十人之中。现存散曲小令21首，套曲1首,见于《太平乐府》、《阳春白雪》、《词林摘艳》等集中。
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