送董元达
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宋代]:谢逸
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塞垣苦寒风气恶,归来面皱须眉斑。
先皇召见延和殿,议论慷慨天开颜。
长江滚滚蛟龙怒,扁舟此去何当还?
大梁城里定相见,玉川破屋应数间。
送董元达译文及注释
译文
读尽了诗书,你毫无腐儒的酸气;投笔从戎,跃马在西北边关。
边塞的气候恶劣,寒风凛冽,你回来时,满面皱纹,须眉已斑。
先皇帝在延和殿召见,你慷慨激昂,纵横议论,得到了皇上的激赏。
可惜诽谤你的人太多,难以置辩,有功难封,你流落到江南,来赏玩这里的青山。
长江滚滚东去,下有蛟龙发怒,掀起波浪;你这次乘着扁舟离去,何时才能回还?
日后我们在大梁城中定能再见,那时你必然还是牢守节操,家中只有破屋数间。
注释
董元达:不详。从诗中看,是位立功边疆的将领。《漫叟诗话》说他“老死布衣”。
酸:寒酸、迂腐。
金城关:金城,地名,在今甘肃兰州西北,是宋与西夏交界处重要关口。
塞垣:关塞。这里指西北边防地带。
风气:气候。
须眉:胡子和眉毛。
先皇:指宋神宗。
延和殿:宋代宫殿名。《宋史·地理志》:“崇政殿后有景福殿,其西,有殿北向,曰延和,便坐殿也。”宋神宗时,龙图阁直学士李柬之致仕,神宗特召见他于延和殿。
议论:对人或事物所发表的评论性意见或言论。
天开颜:意思是让天子龙颜大开。
谤书盈箧:《战国策·秦策》:“魏文侯令乐羊将,攻中山,三年而拔之。乐羊反而语功,文侯示之谤书一箧。”谤书,诽谤他人的奏章。
大梁:即汴京,今开封。
玉川破屋应数间:唐卢仝,号玉川子。家中贫穷。“破屋数间”,语本韩愈《寄卢仝》:“玉川先生洛城里,破屋数间而已矣。”
参考资料:
1、李梦生. 宋诗三百首全解 .上海: 复旦大学出版社 ,2007年5月1日 :161-162
送董元达鉴赏
这首七言古诗是送别之作,古人在送别赠行的诗中,往往寓有劝慰之意,这首诗也不例外。作者的友人董元达,是一位慷慨负气、傲骨铮铮的志士,作者在激励他的同时,希望将来有重见之期,并预期彼此都能不改变自己的风格和操守。
开头四句是诗的第一段。前两句指出董生虽然爱好读书,勤奋苦学,但不屑作一般儒生的寒酸、龌龊相,以科举起家,汲汲于追求功名富贵。而有志从军,因而早年就跃马西行,在金城关一带边防要地,参加军旅生活,以图立功绝域。次两句是说,董生虽然久在边疆,但当时西边的夏国,已与宋朝议和有年,所以未能在战场上建立功勋。而边塞苦寒,风霜凄紧,董生在归来之后,已经须眉斑白,面带皱纹了。这一段表明董生胸怀韬略,志气非同一般,而未遇时机;壮图未遂。“先皇召见延和殿”以下四句是诗的第二段。写董生归来之后,曾被先皇在延和殿召见,他在廷对的当儿,议论慷慨,曾使君王为之开颜(天,指天子),但终以年老,虽然诽谤很多,他也不复置辩。慨然脱身高隐,看山江南,暂且不问世事。这一段表明董生在回到京都以后,虽蒙召见,然而并未获得重用。
末段四句点明送行之意。前两句是说,董生南行之后,将越过浪涛滚滚、蛟龙怒吼的长江,作者不知扁舟此去,何时才能归还。这两句深寓惜别之意。后两句的意思是:将来有幸,在大梁城里定能相见(大梁即汴京)。而玉川子的破屋数间,那时也定然存在。玉川子是唐代诗人卢仝的号,作者借以自比。玉川子卢仝一生没有得志,作者也累试不第。除科举之外,作者也还有其他途径可以进身,但他并不低声下气去求别人的推荐,宁愿以布衣终老,所以在这里也以此勉励友人,表明将来相见,自己还是那几间破屋主人,友人也还是那么一个高傲自负之士。
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司空曙《
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柳永《
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望远行·绣帏睡起》
谢逸简介
唐代·谢逸的简介
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谢逸(1068-1113,一说1010-1113)字无逸,号溪堂。宋代临川城南(今属江西省抚州市)人。北宋文学家,江西诗派二十五法嗣之一。与其从弟谢薖并称“临川二谢”。与饶节、汪革、谢薖并称为“江西诗派临川四才子”。 曾写过300首咏蝶诗,人称“谢蝴蝶”。生于宋神宗赵顼熙宁元年,幼年丧父,家境贫寒。与汪革、谢薖同学于吕希哲,刻苦磨砺,诗文俱佳。两次应科举,均不第。宋徽宗赵佶政和三年以布衣终老于故土,年四十五。
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