鸡鸣
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两汉]：佚名
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鸡既鸣矣，朝既盈矣。匪鸡则鸣，苍蝇之声。
东方明矣，朝既昌矣。匪东方则明，月出之光。
虫飞薨薨，甘与子同梦。会且归矣，无庶予子憎。
鸡鸣译文及注释
译文
“公鸡喔喔已叫啦，上朝官员已到啦。”“这又不是公鸡叫，是那苍蝇嗡嗡闹。”
“东方曚曚已亮啦，官员已满朝堂啦。”“这又不是东方亮，是那明月有光芒。”
“虫子飞来响嗡嗡，乐意与你温好梦。”“上朝官员快散啦，你我岂不让人恨！”
注释
朝：朝堂。一说早集。
匪：同“非”。
昌：盛也。意味人多。
薨薨（hōng 轰）：飞虫的振翅声。
甘：愿。
会：会朝,上朝。且：将。
无庶：同“庶无”。庶，幸，希望。予子憎：恨我、你，代词宾语前置。
参考资料：
1、蒋立甫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：187-188
鸡鸣创作背景
关于此诗的背景，《毛诗序》以为是因“思贤妃”而作，说：“（齐）哀公荒淫怠慢，故陈贤妃贞女夙夜警戒相成之道焉。”宋朱熹《诗集传》则以为是直接赞美贤妃。而宋严粲《诗缉》以为是“刺荒淫”，清崔述《读风偶识》以为是“美勤政”，清方玉润《诗经原始》以为是“贤妇警夫早朝”。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：187-188
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：187-188
鸡鸣鉴赏
自汉迄今，对《鸡鸣》的阐释大致经历以下三种不同的方式：第一种是“诗人介入式”的解读方式，以唐代孔颖达的《毛诗正义》最为典型，其句读为：“鸡既鸣矣，朝既盈矣。”匪鸡则鸣，苍蝇之声。“东方明矣，朝既昌矣。”匪东方则明，月出之光。“虫飞薨薨，甘与子同梦。会且归矣，无庶予子憎。”孔颖达认为，《鸡鸣》首次两章上两句为夫人之言，下两句是诗人对夫人话语的评判。卒章皆为夫人之辞。在诗中，始终是夫人在说话，男子没有言语，诗人介入其中，起解说作用。第二种是“半联句体”解读方式，以清代方玉润《诗经原始》为代表，其句读为：“鸡既鸣矣，朝既盈矣。”“匪鸡则鸣，苍蝇之声。”“东方明矣，朝既昌矣。”“匪东方则明，月出之光。”“虫飞薨薨，甘与子同梦。会且归矣，无庶予子憎。”方玉润认为，首次两章上两句为夫人言，下两句是丈夫言，末章全是夫人言。第三种是“问答联句体”，以程俊英为代表，在《诗经注析》中提出，其句读为：“鸡既鸣矣，朝既盈矣。”“匪鸡则鸣，苍蝇之声。”“东方明矣，朝既昌矣。”“匪东方则明，月出之光。”“虫飞薨薨，甘与子同梦。”“会且归矣，无庶予子憎。”程俊英等认为，首次两章上两句为夫人言，下两句是丈夫言，末章上两句是丈夫言，而下两句是夫人言。
此诗的主题，《毛诗序》以为是“思贤妃”，说：“（齐）哀公荒淫怠慢，故陈贤妃贞女夙夜警戒相成之道焉。”宋朱熹《诗集传》则以为是直接赞美贤妃。而宋严粲《诗缉》以为是“刺荒淫”，清崔述《读风偶识》以为是“美勤政”，清方玉润《诗经原始》以为是“贤妇警夫早朝”。也许此诗只是表现一对贵族夫妇私生活的情趣。全诗以夫妇间对话展开，构思新颖，在《诗经》中是别开生面的。姚际恒说：“愚谓此诗妙处须于句外求之。”（《诗经通论》）本来这对夫妇的对话是非常质朴显露的，谈不上有什么诗味妙语，只因为有的类似傻话、疯话，叫人会心发笑，包含着“无理见趣”之妙。古制，国君鸡鸣即起视朝，卿大夫则提前入朝侍君，《左传·宣公二年》载赵盾“盛服将朝，尚早，坐而假寐”即是。此诗开头写妻子提醒丈夫“鸡既鸣矣，朝既盈矣”，丈夫回答“匪鸡则鸣，苍蝇之声”。想来鸡啼、苍蝇飞鸣古今不会大变，如非听觉失灵，不至二者不分。从下面二、三章妻子所云“东方明矣”“会且归矣”，可知当是鸡鸣无疑。而丈夫把“鸡鸣”说成“苍蝇之声”，是违背生活常识的，当然“无理”。但如果换一角度理解，看作是丈夫梦中被妻子唤醒，听见妻子以“鸡鸣”相催促，便故意逗弄妻子说：不是鸡叫，是苍蝇声音，表现了他们夫妇间的生活情趣，也是别有滋味。“反常”而合乎夫妇情感生活之“道”，这正是姚氏所指出的妙在句外。下两章时间由鸡鸣至天亮，官员由已上朝至快散朝，丈夫愈拖延愈懒起，故意把天明说成“月光”，贪恋衾枕，缠绵难舍，竟还想与妻子同入梦乡，而妻子则愈催愈紧，最后一句“无庶予子憎”已微有嗔意。表现夫妇私生活，可谓“真情实境，写来活现”（姚际恒《诗经通论》）。
此诗句式以四言为主，杂以五言，句式错综，接近散文化。押韵亦有其特点，头两章四句皆用韵，而首句与次句韵脚同在第三字，而末尾是语助词“矣”，也算韵，王力先生称这为“富韵”。另外第一、二章首句与第三句韵脚同字。第三章则是第一、二、四句押韵，也可见此诗用韵富有变化。
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上一首：
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佚名《
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国风·王风·兔爰》
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下一首：
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佚名《
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缁衣》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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