行军九日思长安故园
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唐代]：岑参
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行军九日思长安故园译文及注释
译文
勉强地想要按照习俗去登高饮酒，却没有像王弘那样的人把酒送来。
我在远方想念长安故园中的菊花，这时应正寂寞地在战场旁边盛开。
注释
九日：指九月九日重阳节。
强：勉强。
登高：重阳节有登高赏菊饮酒以避灾祸的风俗。
怜：可怜。
傍：靠近、接近。
行军九日思长安故园创作背景
唐玄宗天宝十四载（755年），安禄山起兵叛乱，次年长安被攻陷。唐肃宗至德二载（757年）二月肃宗由彭原行军至凤翔，岑参随行。这首诗原有小注说：“时未收长安”。九月唐军收复长安，此诗可能是当年重阳节在凤翔写的。
参考资料：
1、雅瑟．唐诗三百首鉴赏大全集．北京：新世界出版社，2011：205-206
行军九日思长安故园鉴赏
唐代以九月九日重阳节登高为题材的好诗不少，并且各有特点。岑参的这首五绝，表现的不是一般的节日思乡，而是对国事的忧虑和对战乱中人民疾苦的关切。表面看来写得平直朴素，实际构思精巧，情韵无限，是一首言简意深、耐人寻味的抒情佳作。
这首诗的原注说：“时未收长安。”公元755年（唐天宝十四载）安禄山起兵叛乱，次年长安被攻陷。公元757年（至德二载）旧历二月肃宗由彭原行军至凤翔，岑参随行。九月唐军收复长安，诗可能是该年重阳节在凤翔写的。岑参是南阳人，但久居长安，故称长安为“故园”。
古人在九月九日重阳节有登高饮菊花酒的习俗，首句“登高”二字就紧扣题目中的“九日”。劈头一个“强”字，则表现了诗人在战乱中的凄清景况。第二句化用陶渊明的典故。据《南史·隐逸传》记载：陶渊明有一次过重阳节，没有酒喝，就在宅边的菊花丛中独自闷坐了很久。后来正好王弘送酒来了，才醉饮而归。这里反用其意，是说自己虽然也想勉强地按照习俗去登高饮酒，可是在战乱中，没有像王弘那样的人来送酒助兴。此句承前句而来，衔接自然，写得明白如话，使人不觉是用典，达到了前人提出的“用事”的最高要求：“用事不使人觉，若胸臆语也。”（邢邵语）正因为此处巧用典故，所以能引起人们种种的联想和猜测：造成“无人送酒来”的原因是什么呢？这里暗寓着题中“行军”的特定环境。
第三句开头一个“遥”字，是渲染自己和故园长安相隔之远，而更见思乡之切。作者写思乡，没有泛泛地笼统地写，而是特别强调思念、怜惜长安故园的菊花。这样写，不仅以个别代表一般，以“故园菊”代表整个故园长安，显得形象鲜明，具体可感；而且这是由登高饮酒的叙写自然发展而来的，是由上述陶渊明因无酒而闷坐菊花丛中的典故引出的联想，具有重阳节的节日特色，仍贴题目中的“九日”，又点出“长安故园”，可以说是切时切地，紧扣诗题。诗写到这里为止，还显得比较平淡，然而这样写，却是为了逼出关键的最后一句。这句承接前句，是一种想象之辞。本来，对故园菊花，可以有各种各样的想象，诗人别的不写，只是设想它“应傍战场开”，这样的想象扣住诗题中的“行军”二字，结合安史之乱和长安被陷的时代特点，写得新巧自然，真实形象，使读者仿佛看到了一幅鲜明的战乱图：长安城中战火纷飞，血染天街，断墙残壁间，一丛丛菊花依然寂寞地开放着。此处的想象之辞已经突破了单纯的惜花和思乡，而寄托着诗人对饱经战争忧患的人民的同情，对早日平定安史之乱的渴望。这一结句用的是叙述语言，朴实无华，但是寓巧于朴，余意深长，耐人咀嚼，顿使全诗的思想和艺术境界出现了一个飞跃。
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晏几道《
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鹧鸪天·九日悲秋不到心》
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文森《
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九日》
岑参简介
唐代·岑参的简介
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岑参（约715-770年），唐代边塞诗人，南阳人，太宗时功臣岑文本重孙，后徙居江陵。[1-2] 岑参早岁孤贫，从兄就读，遍览史籍。唐玄宗天宝三载（744年）进士，初为率府兵曹参军。后两次从军边塞，先在安西节度使高仙芝幕府掌书记；天宝末年，封常清为安西北庭节度使时，为其幕府判官。代宗时，曾官嘉州刺史（今四川乐山），世称“岑嘉州”。大历五年（770年）卒于成都。
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