定风波·暖日闲窗映碧纱
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唐代]:欧阳炯
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暖日闲窗映碧纱,小池春水浸晴霞。数树海棠红欲尽,争忍,玉闺深掩过年华。
独凭绣床方寸乱,肠断,泪珠穿破脸边花。邻舍女郎相借问,音信,教人休道未还家。
定风波·暖日闲窗映碧纱译文及注释
译文
风和日暖,春意阑珊,白云匆匆过,人立碧窗前。池水浸染着空中的霞光,几株海棠绿阴阴,树上瘦花无几,地上却残红堆满。红欲尽,春将残,思念苦,不忍看;更堪这,还得门深掩、守空闺,倚孤枕,年华虚度又一年。
绮窗前,深念远,独凭绣床,心绪烦乱,愁肠寸断。念远思亲如泉泪,乱湿美艳如花胭脂脸。思悠悠,念浓浓,怨深深,恨重重,泪破莲腮两线红。邻家姐妹相慰问:“玉郎可安好?”怎回答?羞涩道:“归期遥遥,天涯良人未还家!”
注释
闲窗:雕花和护栏的窗子。
闲:阑也。闲窗,一般用作幽闲之意。
争忍:怎能禁受的意思。
凭:此处是倚靠的意思。
床:古人坐卧之具皆曰床。
绣床:有彩绣为饰的床。
方寸乱:心乱。
借问:向人询问。
定风波·暖日闲窗映碧纱鉴赏
这首词写春日闺情。首句写景,‘暖日”点时令,风和日暖,晴窗映碧,已见春深。着一“闲”字,便觉有情。“闲”,指闲散。只有在窗前有人的情况下,才会有闲散之感。这里的闲窗是说思妇看到窗外的残春光景,由于孤寂而闲得发愁。“小池春水浸明霞”,“明”,一作“晴”。此句写实景,亦寓愁情。冯延巳词:”风乍起,吹皱一池春水。”池水涟漪,自然会荡起思妇的闲愁。头两句对仗,“浸”与“映”为互文,春水与明霞相映,景色极为绮丽。但”浸”字也有沉浸之意,春光如许明媚,怎不令伊沉醉呢?写到“数树海棠红欲尽”,思妇的恋春之情转到惜春,“海棠红欲尽”,正是春意阑珊时候,满地落红,使她不堪看。“争忍”,怎能禁受的意思。歇拍落到自己身上,“玉闺深掩”,玉闺,犹金闺。用金、玉字,形容闺房华贵。“争忍”二字界于两句之间,意亦上下贯连既不忍春事将尽,更不忍深闭闺房虚度年华。上片着重写景,景中有情,因景中有人在,但未正面写人。上结落到自身,只是用虚笔写人之所感,为下片正面写人转入抒情蓄势。换头“独凭绣床”,人已出矣。首标“独”字,正切闺情。绣床,有彩绣为饰的床。古人坐卧之具皆曰床,此处用“凭”字,倚靠的意思,当是坐具。“方寸”,心也。“乱”,谓心绪烦乱。“肠断”,极其伤心,才会感到愁肠寸断。“断”、“乱”,押韵。与上下句的关系也和上片“尽”、“忍”一样,彻上彻下。上结“玉闺深掩过年华”,犹是慨叹之辞,由慨叹、心乱到肠断,抒情步步深入,到实在忍不住时,于是热泪不禁夺眶而出,才会出现“泪珠穿破脸边花”。“脸边花”,写女子腮脸如花艳美。作者在另一首词中写道:“好花颜色,双脸上,晚妆同。”这也是写双脸如花美。词人笔触常涉及到美人泪脸,冯正中词:“香闺寂寂门半掩,愁眉敛,泪珠滴破胭脂脸。”韦端己词:“恨重重,泪界莲腮两线红。”写法和用字都不相同,特别是在用动词上的差异,大有讲究。冯词用“滴”,韦词用“界”,本词用“穿”,比较起来,“穿”字兼有“滴”、“界”两字之妙。用“滴破”,想见泪痕点点,用“泪界”,则泪痕两线。这里用“穿破”,“穿”比“滴”重,既然“穿破”,而且直到脸边,自然也包含“泪界双线”,就泪痕来说,还要深些。此处只就用字而言,并不意味着评论全词和词家。词中刻划思妇的形象和心理,写到“泪珠穿破”,大有“山重水复疑无路”之势,谁知煞尾忽转新境,出现邻家女郎来问良人音信,教她害羞地答道:“还没有回家的日期呢!”笔意活泼,情趣盎然,带有浓厚的民歌色彩,深得水穷云起之妙。这首词的语言也不若作者其他作品那样秾艳。
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黄景仁《
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温庭筠《
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(896-971)益州(今四川成都人),在后蜀任职为中书舍人。据《宣和画谱》载,他事孟昶时历任翰林学士、门下侍郎同平章事,随孟昶降宋后,授为散骑常侍,工诗文,特别长于词,又善长笛,是花间派重要作家。
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