军城早秋
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唐代]：严武
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更催飞将追骄虏，莫遣沙场匹马还。
军城早秋译文及注释
译文
昨夜萧瑟的秋风卷入驻守的关塞；极目四望，但见边月西沉，寒云滚滚。
一再命令那些勇猛的将士追击敌人，不要让敌人一兵一马从战场上逃回。
注释
汉关：汉朝的关塞，这里指唐朝军队驻守的关塞。
朔云边月：指边境上的云和月。月：一作“雪”。朔：北方。边：边境。西山：指今四川省西部的岷山，是当时控制吐蕃内侵的要地。
更催：再次催促。飞将：西汉名将李广被匈奴称为“飞将军”，这里泛指严武部下作战勇猛的将领。骄虏：指唐朝时入侵的吐蕃军队。
莫遣：不要让。沙场：战场。
军城早秋创作背景
安史之乱以后，唐王朝国力削弱，吐蕃趁虚而入，曾一度攻入长安，后来又向西南地区进犯。严武两次任剑南节度使。公元764年（唐代宗广德二年）秋天，严武镇守剑南，率兵西征，击破吐蕃军七万多，收复失地，安定了蜀地。这首诗作于同吐蕃交战之时。
军城早秋鉴赏
《军城早秋》载于《全唐诗》卷二六一。下面是安徽师范大学文学院教授赵其钧先生对此诗的赏析。
这首《军城早秋》，一方面使读者看到严武作为镇守一方的主将的才略和武功，另一方面也表现了这位统兵主将的词章文采，能文善武，无怪杜甫称其为“出群”之才。
诗的第一句“昨夜秋风入汉关”，看上去是写景，其实是颇有寓意的。我国西北和北部的少数民族的统治武装，常于秋高马肥的季节向内地进犯。“秋风入汉关”就意味着边境上的紧张时刻又来临了。“昨夜”二字，紧扣诗题“早秋”，如此及时地了解“秋风”，正反映了严武作为边关主将对时局的密切关注，对敌情的熟悉。
第二句接着写诗人听到秋风的反映，这个反映是很有个性的，他立即注视西山，表现了主将的警觉、敏感，也暗示了他对时局所关注的具体内容。西山，寒云低压，月色清冷，再加上一个“满”字，就把那阴沉肃穆的气氛写得更为浓重，这气氛正似风云突变的前兆，大战前的沉默。“眼中形势胸中策”（宗泽《早发》），这是一切将领用兵作战的基本规律。所以诗的前两句既然写出了战云密布的“眼中形势”，那胸中之策就自不待言了，诗中略去这一部分内容，正表现了严武是用兵的行家。
“更催飞将追骄虏，莫遣沙场匹马还”。“更催”二字暗示战事已按主将部署胜利展开。两句一气而下，笔意酣畅，字字千钧，既显示出战场上势如破竹的气势，也表现了主将刚毅果断的气魄和胜利在握的神情，而整个战斗的结果也自然寓于其中了。这就是古人所说的“墨气所射，四表无穷，无字处皆其意也”（王夫之《董斋诗话》）。
如果把一、二句和三、四句的内容放在一起来看，就会发现中间有着很大的跳跃。了解战争的人都知道，一个闭目塞听、对敌情一无所知的主将，是断然不会打胜仗的，战争的胜负往往取决于战前主将对敌情的敏感和了解的程度。诗的一、二句景中有情，显示出主将准确地掌握了时机和敌情，这就意味着已经居于主动地位，取得了主动权，取得了克敌制胜的先决条件，这一切正预示着战争的顺利，因而，胜利也就成了人们意料中的结果，所以读到三、四句非但没有突兀、生硬之感，反而有一种水到渠成、果然如此的满足。这首诗写得开阖跳跃，气概雄壮，干净利落，表现出地道的统帅本色。
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上一首：
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晏几道《
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木兰花·风帘向晓寒成阵》
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下一首：
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欧阳炯《
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南乡子 其四》
严武简介
唐代·严武的简介
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严武，唐（公元七二六年至七六五年）字季鹰，华州华阴人。生于唐玄宗开元十四年，卒于代宗永泰元年，年四十岁。武虽武夫，亦能诗，全唐诗中录存六首。另外还有三国时期东吴棋士严武以及黄埔一期严武陆军中将。
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