《诫外甥书》翻译及注释
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两汉：诸葛亮
夫志当存高远，慕先贤，绝情欲，弃凝滞，使庶几之志，揭然有所存，恻然有所感；忍屈伸，去细碎，广咨问，除嫌吝，虽有淹留，何损于美趣，何患于不济。若志不强毅，意不慷慨，徒碌碌滞于俗，默默束于情，永窜伏于凡庸，不免于下流矣！
译文： 一个人应该树立远大的理想，追慕先贤，节制情欲，去掉郁结在胸中的俗念，使几乎接近圣贤的那种高尚志向，在你身上明白地体现出来，使你内心震动、心领神会。要能够适应顺利、曲折等不同境遇的考验，摆脱琐碎事务和感情的纠缠，广泛地向人请教，根除自己怨天尤人的情绪。做到这些以后，虽然也有可能在事业上暂时停步不前，但哪会损毁自己高尚的情趣，又何必担心事业会不成功呢！如果志向不坚毅，思想境界不开阔，沉溺于世俗私情，碌碌无为，永远混杂在平庸的人群之后，就会难免沦落到下流社会，成为没有教养，没有出息的人。
注释： 存，怀有，怀着凝滞，心思局限于某个范围;拘泥庶几之志，接近或近似于先贤的志向揭然，高举的样子恻然，恳切的样子细碎，琐碎的杂念嫌吝，怨恨耻辱淹留，德才不显于世济，成功，实现强毅，坚强果断窜伏，逃避，藏匿下流，比喻低下的地位。
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丘迟《
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与陈伯之书》
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辛弃疾《
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满江红·山居即事》
诸葛亮简介
唐代·诸葛亮的简介
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诸葛亮（181－234），字孔明、号卧龙（也作伏龙），汉族，徐州琅琊阳都（今山东临沂市沂南县）人，三国时期蜀汉丞相、杰出的政治家、军事家、散文家、书法家。在世时被封为武乡侯，死后追谥忠武侯，东晋政权特追封他为武兴王。诸葛亮为匡扶蜀汉政权，呕心沥血，鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。其散文代表作有《出师表》、《诫子书》等。曾发明木牛流马、孔明灯等，并改造连弩，叫做诸葛连弩，可一弩十矢俱发。于234年在五丈原（今宝鸡岐山境内）逝世。诸葛亮在后世受到极大尊崇，成为后世忠臣楷模，智慧化身。成都、宝鸡、汉中、南阳等地有武侯祠，杜甫作《蜀相》赞诸葛亮。